智能合约定义为自动执行、控制或记录相关事件和行动的计算机程序，用以促进、验证或执行合同协议。在区块链中，智能合约可编程、不可更改、去中心化特性保证交易安全可信。区块链环境中部署智能合约，尤其是以太坊平台，一旦触发预设条件则会自动运行所设定逻辑，实现合约条款的自动执行。
A smart contract is defined as a computer program that automatically executes, controls or records events and actions in order to facilitate, validate or execute the contract agreement. In a block chain, a smart contract can be programmed, unalterable, decentralised to ensure the security of the transaction.
智能合约本质上是一段嵌入在区块链之中的代码，这段代码具备自动执行合同条款的能力。智能合约是区块链技术的重要组成部分，它具有透明性、安全性、效率性和不可逆性等特点。它们在没有中间人的情况下，保证交易的安全和效率，变革了传统合同的实施方式。
Smart contracts are essentially a code embedded in a block chain, which has the ability to enforce its terms automatically. smart contracts are an important part of block chain technology and are characterized by transparency, security, efficiency and irreversibility. , in the absence of intermediaries, ensures the safety and efficiency of transactions and changes the way traditional contracts are implemented.
智能合约的运作离不开区块链——一个去中心化的、分布式的账本技术，区块链为智能合约提供了一个可信赖、不可篡改的环境。每一个区块中包含了一定数量的交易数据，这些数据一旦被验证并添加至区块链后，就不可更改。
Smart contracts operate in isolation from the block chain, a decentralised, distributed booking technology that provides a trusted and non-manufacturing environment for smart contracts. Each block contains a certain amount of transactional data that cannot be changed once validated and added to the block chain.
理解智能合约的运作前，需要对区块链技术有一个基本的认识。区块链技术是建立在分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制和加密算法基础上的新型互联网基础设施。其最核心的特点就是数据可信赖且不可篡改，所有验证过的交易都会记录到一个公共的、透明的账本上。
Before understanding the operation of smart contracts, there is a need for a basic understanding of block chain technology. block chain technology is a new Internet infrastructure based on distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. has a central feature that data are reliable and non-distortable, and all certified transactions are recorded in a public and transparent account book.
所有的区块信息加密后连成一串，构成区块链。当一块新的信息需要添加到区块链上时，需要网络中的参与者（称为节点）进行验证。验证方式依赖于区块链采取的共识机制，常见的如工作量证明（Proof of Work，PoW）机制。
All block information is encrypted into a chain of blocks. When a new piece of information needs to be added to the block chain, the participants in the network (known as nodes) are required to verify it.
智能合约的运作过程涉及合约的创建、部署和执行三个主要阶段。创建智能合约是开发者编写合约代码的过程，通常使用特定的编程语言，如以太坊上使用的Solidity。在编写时，智能合约将预先定义所有规则和条件，当这些条件被触发时，合约将会自动执行规定动作。
Smart contracts operate in three main stages of contract creation, deployment and implementation. creates smart contracts that developers write contract codes , usually in specific programming languages, such as Solidity, which is used in the Taiku. In writing, smart contracts define all rules and conditions in advance, and when these conditions are triggered, the contract automatically executes the required actions.
部署智能合约是将编写好的代码上传到区块链上的过程。上传过程中，智能合约会被赋予一个特定的地址，并储存在区块链上。部署至区块链之后，智能合约就存在于网络中，可以被任何人访问，但无法被篡改或删除。
The smart contract for
执行智能合约时，触发条件后，网络节点会根据共识机制验证这一动作，验证无误后执行代码中定义的操作。例如，A向B购买商品，智能合约会在收到A的付款后自动解锁并将商品所有权转给A。
For example, when A buys goods from B, the smart contract automatically unlocks the payment of A and transfers ownership of the goods to A.
智能合约能够在许多领域中发挥巨大作用，包括但不限于金融服务、供应链管理、自动化工作流程、知识产权保护等。在金融领域内，智能合约用于实现去中心化金融（DeFi）平台，提供诸如贷款、保险、衍生品交易等服务。通过智能合约的应用，能够有效降低操作成本、增加事务处理速度，并减少欺诈行为的风险。
Smart contracts can play a significant role in many areas, including, but not limited to, financial services, supply chain management, automated workflows, intellectual property protection. In the financial sector, smart contracts are used to achieve decentralised financial platforms that provide services such as loans, insurance, derivatives trading.
智能合约带来的这些变革正日益得到业界的关注并逐步实现。它们将法律协议数字化，用代码来确保合约的履行，从而重塑我们理解合同和协议执行的方式。随着技术的发展和成熟，智能合约在区块链中的运用将越来越广泛，其潜力巨大。
The changes brought about by smart contracts are gaining interest in industry and are being progressively implemented. They digitize legal agreements and use codes to ensure their implementation, thus reshaping the way we understand contracts and their implementation.
相关问答FAQs：什么是智能合约？
question and answer FAQs: what's a smart contract?
智能合约是一种在区块链上运行的自动化合约，它们是基于代码的、以执行预定义条件为目的的合同。智能合约在区块链上执行，没有任何中央管理者，其不可篡改的性质使得合约安全可靠、透明公开。
Smart contracts are automated contracts that run on block chains and are code-based for the purpose of implementing predefined conditions.
智能合约如何在区块链中运作？
How does a smart contract work in a block chain?
智能合约是由代码编写而成，当事方可以在其中设定条件和约定，并在满足这些条件时自动执行。这些合约被存储在区块链网络的每个节点上，确保了其分布式和不可逆的特性。一旦约定条件被满足，智能合约将自动执行相应的操作，如转移资产或触发特定的事件。
Smart contracts are code-made, in which the parties can set conditions and agreements and execute them automatically when they are met. These contracts are stored at each node in the block chain network, ensuring their distribution and irreversible properties.
智能合约的优势有哪些？
智能合约有效地消除了传统合约中的中间人，因为它们在代码中内置了交易规则和法律要求。这种自动化合约实现无需信任的交易，降低了交易成本和风险。此外，智能合约不受地理位置限制，因此在全球范围内可实现快速、低成本的交易和管理。
What are the advantages of a smart contract?
smart contracts effectively eliminate middlemen from traditional contracts because they incorporate transaction rules and legal requirements in the code. Such automated contracts achieve untrustworthy transactions, reducing transaction costs and risks. Moreover, smart contracts are not geographically constrained, and thus lead to fast, low-cost transactions and management worldwide.
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