最新全球加密货币监管措施一览
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2024-06-30
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来源：三言财经
整编：Joice Lucia Bill Jack
2017年创造了加密货币的新纪元，首次代币发行（ICO）更是掀起了一股异常疯狂的投资热潮。然而，当热潮退却，不少问题也暴露出来——项目方圈钱跑路，代投不见踪影，交易所疑似操纵币价。各国政府当然也意识到了这些问题。从去年我国严厉整顿币圈以来，全球大部分国家都已开始不同程度地推进该领域的监管工作，包括成立调查工作组，出台法规，建立行业规范和标准等。
In 2017, a new era of encoded currency was created, and the first generation of coins (ICOs) led to an unusually crazy investment boom. However, when the trend came to a halt, a number of problems became apparent – money runs by the project side, money runs by the project side, currency prices are missing, and exchanges seem to be manipulating. Governments, of course, are aware of these problems. Most countries around the world have, to varying degrees, begun to promote regulation in this area, including through the establishment of investigative working groups, the introduction of regulations, and the establishment of industry norms and standards.
整体来看，监管将有助于行业朝着良性方向发展，2018年注定是加密货币行业更合规的一年。致力于为您提供最新行业资讯的三言小编特地整理了最近全球多数国家的加密货币监管进程，赶快收藏起来吧！
Overall, regulation will help the industry move in a virtuous direction, destined to be a more compliant year for the crypto-currency industry in 2018. The triads dedicated to providing you with up-to-date information on the industry are a compilation of recent encryption-regulating processes in most countries around the world.
本文资料来源于6月15日前各媒体新闻资料，如有描述不当之处，欢迎留言指正！
The source of this paper was the press materials of the various media prior to 15 June, and if it is not properly described, it is welcome to comment on it!
亚洲东亚
Asia East Asia
中国
China
中国对加密货币行业态度严厉，自2017年9月起，中国政府禁止了境内一切加密货币交易、ICO。境内所有加密货币交易所要么关停要么转为面向海外客户。但进入2018年以来，不时有声音传出称中国政府和中国央行正在探索加密货币行业相关发展规则，有迹象表明有解禁可能。但在具体法律法规等措施出现之前，加密行业在中国仍将处于彻底被禁止的状态。
China’s attitude toward the cryptographic money sector has been severe, and since September 2017 the Chinese government has banned all encrypted currency transactions and ICOs in the country. All encrypted currency exchanges in the country have either been closed down or turned to overseas customers.
日本
Japan
日本对加密货币行业向来持欢迎态度，并且也是亚洲第一个立法承认比特币为支付手段的国家，加密货币行业在日本正蓬勃发展。但是，日本政府对加密行业的监管非常严格，加密货币交易所需要经过层层审核才能开设。此外，由于对加密货币财产安全的担忧，比如黑客袭击事件，日本政府近期有迹象采用更加严格的监管手段，加密货币行业在日本将会受到比以往更多的约束。
Japan has always welcomed the crypto-currency industry, and it is the first country in Asia to legislate the recognition of bitcoin as a means of payment, and the crypto-currency sector is flourishing in Japan. However, the Japanese government has very strict regulation of the encryption industry, and the crypto-currency exchange needs to be scrutinized before it can be opened.
日本金融服务局（FSA）对多个数字货币企业进行了洗钱（反洗钱）监管整治，将于6月中旬进行基于基金结算法业务改善命令的方向进行讨论。FSA认为，现在大多数企业过度重视顾客开发，而忽略了管理方面的工作。在16家已注册的交易所中，FSA已向其中10家下达停业整改命令，2家需要技术改进。除此外，还有些已注册的服务机构在管理方面存在问题，FSA计划在必要时进行处置。
The Japan Financial Services Agency (FSA) has introduced money-laundering (money-laundering) regulation for several digital money enterprises, and discussions will take place in mid-June on the direction of the Fund Settlement Operations Improvement Order. According to the FSA, most enterprises now place too much emphasis on customer development than on regulatory work. Of the 16 registered exchanges, FSA has issued shut-down orders and two require technical improvements. In addition, there are registered service providers with regulatory problems, and FSA plans to deal with them as necessary.
近期，在批准了16个数字货币交易所之后，日本金融厅FSA将首次拒绝了数字货币交易所申请。这家叫做FSHO的交易所此前曾被两次要求暂停数字货币经营活动以及收到了两次整改命令。据日经新闻报道，“在做出这一决定之前，FSA得出的结论是，总部位于横滨的FSHO缺乏必要的运营系统。通过禁止一家被发现不合格的交易所运营商，该机构的目标是展示其在日本重建良好的外汇交易环境的决心。”
Recently, following the approval of 16 digital currency exchanges, FSA of the Japan Financial Services Agency (JFSA) will for the first time refuse to apply for a digital currency exchange. This exchange, known as FSHO, has been asked twice to suspend digital money operations and has received two correction orders. According to a daily press report, “Before taking this decision, the FSA concluded that FSHO, based in Yokohama, lacks the necessary operating systems. By banning an exchange operator found to be unqualified, the Agency aims to demonstrate its determination to re-establish a good foreign exchange trading environment in Japan.”
韩国
Korea
韩国金融服务委员会（FSC）在 2017 年 9 月禁止国内公司和创企参与 ICO。FSC 表示，代币发行这种融资模式将违反资本市场法，并对参与 ICO 的人员实施严厉处罚。韩国的禁令紧随中国发布，但是不同的是，2018 年 3 月有消息称，韩国可能会放松 ICO 禁令。
The Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) banned domestic companies and start-ups from participating in the ICO in September 2017. The FSC stated that the issuance of funds in the form of token money would violate capital market laws and impose severe penalties on those involved in the ICO. The South Korean ban followed China, but, differently, in March 2018, there were reports that South Korea might relax the ICO ban.
5月初，报道称韩国最高金融监管机构正与检察官合作扩大对国内加密货币交易所的调查，并与一位金融服务委员会（FSC）高级官员呼吁全球监管机构协调加密资产政策。FSC一位官员指出，“在有关部门要求解决日益严重的反洗钱合规问题和可能滥用加密货币进行洗钱和欺诈之后，FSC正在研究交易所在当地银行开设的公司账户的问题。”FSC副主席Kim Yong-beom表示，该机构并不反对区块链技术会改变实物银行和金融服务的观点并表示FSC正在权衡加密货币作为支付工具的好处。
In early May, it was reported that the Supreme Financial Regulator of Korea was working with prosecutors to expand investigations into domestic cryptographic currency exchanges and with a senior member of the Financial Services Commission (FSC) called on global regulators to coordinate encryption asset policies. An FSC official noted that “following requests from relevant authorities to address the growing problem of anti-money-laundering compliance and possible misuse of encrypted currency for money-laundering and fraud, the FSC was studying the issue of corporate accounts opened by exchanges in local banks.” FSC Vice-President Kim Yong-beom stated that the agency did not object to the idea that block chain technology would change physical banking and financial services and that the FSC was weighing the benefits of encryption money as a payment tool.
5月底，针对国民委员会提出的将ICO合法化的议案，韩国金融服务监管委员会FSS的一个官员称他们现阶段还不会听从该提案的建议，他们须倾听并且小心审核特别委员会的建议。而现阶段他们反对ICO合法化。
At the end of May, in response to a bill by the National Council to legalize the ICO, an official of the Korean Financial Services Regulatory Commission, the FSS, stated that they would not be listening to the proposal at this stage, and that they would have to listen to and carefully review the Special Commission’s proposal. At this stage, they opposed the legalization of the ICO.
蒙古
Mongolia
没有明确的政府层级公告表明蒙古国将如何对待加密货币行业，但是蒙古政府发布过一则针对投资ICO的警告，期望投资人对待ICO需要谨慎小心。
There is no clear public announcement at any level of government as to how Mongolia will treat the crypto-currency sector, but the Government of Mongolia has issued a warning against investing in ICOs and expects investors to treat ICOs with caution.
东南亚
South-East Asia
越南
Viet Nam
2017 年 10 月 30 日，越南央行越南国家银行（SBV）宣布自 2018 年 1 月 1 日起，禁止使用比特币作为支付手段，“发行、提供以及使用非法支付手段（包括比特币及其他虚拟货币）的行为可能会被起诉。提供非法支付工具（加密货币）的人员可能会被处以最低 6600 美元的罚金。”
On October 30, 2017, the Central Bank of Viet Nam, the State Bank of Viet Nam (SBV), announced that, as of January 1, 2018, the use of bitcoin as a means of payment was prohibited, “the issuance, provision, and use of illegal means of payment, including Bitcoin and other virtual currencies, may be prosecuted. Persons who provide illegal means of payment (encrypted money) may be fined a minimum of $6,600.”
但除此之外，越南政府没有公布任何于加密货币行业相关的法律法规，加密行业实质上仍处于灰色地带。
Other than that, however, the Government of Viet Nam has not published any laws and regulations relating to the crypto-currency sector, which remains essentially grey.
泰国
Thailand
五月，泰国颁布一系列法律法规，并且暂时禁止ICO。
In May, Thailand enacted a series of laws and regulations and temporarily banned ICO.
泰国副总理Wissanu Krea-ngam近日警告称，数字货币可能被操纵在大选中买票。他表示，泰国政府已经被其他国家提醒要密切关注数字货币交易，否则泰国可能最终会成为洗钱的天堂。
Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister, Wissanu Krea-ngam, recently warned that digital money could be manipulated to buy votes in general elections. He said that the Thai government had been warned to pay close attention to digital currency transactions, otherwise Thailand could eventually become a haven for money-laundering.
泰国政府将放弃对个人数字货币投资者征收7%增值税的原计划，并暂时禁止任何新的ICOs。泰国证券交易委员会秘书长Rapee Sucharitakul表示，在相关规定发布之前，新的ICOs无法启动。
The Thai government will abandon its original plan to impose a 7% value added tax on individual digital money investors and temporarily ban any new ICOs. The Secretary-General of the Thai Securities and Exchange Commission, Rapee Sucharitakul, stated that the new ICOs could not be activated before the relevant regulations were issued.
泰国一项管制加密货币的皇家法令已经生效。该法由100个部分组成，将加密货币定义为数字资产，必须在证券交易委员会进行注册。该国现有的加密货币零售商有90天（从5月13日开始计算）办理许可证。无证经营出售加密货币的惩罚不会超过交易价值的两倍，但至少为5万铢（约合1550美元），同时最高也可能面临两年监禁。
In Thailand, a royal decree regulating encrypted currency has entered into force. The law, which consists of 100 parts, defines encrypted currency as a digital asset that must be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
泰国近日颁布了一项有关数字货币的法律，规定数字货币将被视为数字资产，并且指定证券交易委员会（SEC）作为官方的虚拟资产活动的控制方与监管方，该法律已于5月13日生效。
Thailand had recently enacted a law on digital currency, which would be considered a digital asset, and had designated the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as the controlling and supervising party for official virtual asset activities, which had entered into force on 13 May.
缅甸
Myanmar
缅甸政府目前没有法律层级的公告针对加密货币行业，仅发布过警告性质的声明，要求投资者对加密货币ICO保持谨慎。整体上来看，加密货币行业仍处于灰色地带。
The Government of Myanmar does not currently have a legal-level announcement targeting the crypto-currency industry, which has issued only warning statements that require investors to be cautious about the crypto-currency ICO. Overall, the crypto-currency industry is still grey.
马来西亚
Malaysia
2017 年 9 月，马来西亚证券委员会提醒投资者 ICO 存在风险，警告部分 ICO 公司会受到证券法监管。目前，马来西亚国家银行（ Bank Negara Malaysia ）、马来西亚证券委员会正在共同制定适用于 ICO 和加密货币的监管准则。
In September 2017, the Malaysian Securities Commission warned investors that ICO was at risk and that some ICO companies would be regulated by securities laws. The Bank Negara Malaysia (National Bank of Malaysia) and the Malaysian Securities Commission are now working together to develop regulatory guidelines for ICO and encrypted currency.
除此之外，马来西亚政府沿用部分证券法监管ICO， 目前相关法律法规正在进一步制定中。
In addition, the Malaysian Government follows a partial securities law to regulate the ICO, and the relevant laws and regulations are currently being further developed.
新加坡
Singapore
新加坡对加密货币法律法规制定较为清晰，并且政府态度友好。当局于2017年11月发布了ICO监管准则，其原则是根据具体情况判断ICO是否属于监管范围以及法律适用性。新加坡金融管理局局长表示：“MAS 不监管加密货币，并欢迎那些创新性应用技术降低金融交易成本的企业来新加坡。MAS 只有在 ICO 会造成特定风险时，才会对虚拟货币相关活动实施监管。如果 token 的结构类似于证券，ICO 必须满足《证券期货法》的各项要求。”
Singapore has a relatively clear and government-friendly approach to cryptographic currency laws and regulations. In November 2017, the authorities issued ICO regulatory guidelines, which are based on the principle that ICO should be subject to regulatory and legal applicability. “MAS does not regulate encrypted currencies and welcomes companies that use innovative technologies to reduce the cost of financial transactions to come to Singapore. MAS regulates virtual currency-related activities only if ICO poses a particular risk. If Token is structured like securities, ICO must meet the requirements of the Securities Futures Act.”
五月，新加坡金融管理局警告一家首次代币发行（ICO）业者在本地停止发行代币，并且警告八个本地数码代币交易所，在未经当局批准前，不可处理有如证券期货的代币交易。 金管局发表文告说，它要求一家公司停止发行代币给本地投资者。经过当局审核，这代币等于持有公司股权，公司因此触犯了证券期货法令。 这家公司已经停止发行代币，并且采取行动遵守当局条例。公司也将所有的款项归还给投资者。 此外，金管局也提醒八个交易所，如果在平台上交易的数码代币是证券或期货，它们得立即停止处理交易，直到获得当局批准。
In May, the Monetary Authority of Singapore warned a first-time issuer (ICO) to stop issuing tokens locally, and warned eight local digital money exchanges that no transactions such as securities futures could be processed without the approval of the authorities. The Monetary Authority issued a statement that it required a company to stop issuing tokens to local investors.
新加坡金融管理局（MAS）局长孟文能（Ravi Menon）在6月5日召开的野村亚洲投资大会上表示，MAS正密切关注本地加密货币投资活动，特别是越来越频密的ICO。他称，ICO就其性质而言并非证券，所以不受证券期货法令限制。不过，如果一些ICO发行公司向投资者承诺这些代币可取得回报，等同于证券的投资产品，就必须遵守证券期货法令，并像任何公司上市计划一样，得提呈公开招股书，披露公司细节和业务状况等。他也提醒投资者，谨慎参与加密货币相关活动，因为它们大多不受监管或有法律保障。谈及MAS对加密货币的看法时，孟文能重申MAS支持加密货币背后的区块链技术及其发展潜能，却不支持加密货币作为通行货币或投资资产类别。孟文能也澄清，金融科技范围广泛，并不限于加密货币；许多国家在去现金化的过程中也未必一定得发行加密货币。
The Director-General of the Singapore Financial Authority (MAS), Ravi Menon, stated at the Nomura Asian Investment Conference on 5 June that MAS was closely following local encrypted monetary investment activities, especially the increasingly sophisticated ICO. He said that ICO was not subject to securities futures orders because it was not securities by its nature. However, if some ICO issuers promised investors that these tokens would yield returns equal to portfolio investment products, they would have to comply with the Securities Futures Ordinance and, like any company listing scheme, submit public offers to disclose company details and business status. He also reminded investors that they were carefully involved in encryption-related activities, since they were largely unregulated or legally secure.
印度尼西亚
Indonesia
印度尼西亚政府曾发布法令禁止以加密货币作为支付手段，并警告投资加密货币有风险。但除此之外，针对加密货币交易的具体细节，印尼政府并没有提供。加密行业在印度尼西亚仍属于灰色地带
The Indonesian government has issued a decree prohibiting the use of encrypted currency as a means of payment, and has warned against the risk of investing in encrypted currency. But beyond that, the Indonesian government has not provided specific details of encrypted currency transactions.
菲律宾
Philippines
菲律宾在2018年初发布相关监管政令，表示政府将于年底出台针对加密货币监管措施的具体法律法规。在此之前，加密行业在菲律宾扔处于灰色地带。
In early 2018, the Philippines issued a regulatory decree stating that the government would introduce specific laws and regulations on encryption money regulations by the end of the year. Prior to that, the encryption industry had been thrown into grey areas in the Philippines.
南亚
South Asia
尼泊尔、孟加拉国
Nepal, Bangladesh
尼泊尔和孟加拉国的监管是最严的，甚至比中国还严，有人可能会因为在尼泊尔，孟加拉国等几个州进行任何类型的加密货币交易而入狱。
Nepal and Bangladesh are the most regulated, even more so than China, and some may be imprisoned for any type of encrypted currency transaction in several states, such as Nepal, Bangladesh.
印度
India
路透社报道，印度正在准备大规模禁止虚拟硬币作为支付系统。中央银行解释其作为一项防范诈骗和其他犯罪活动的立场。
RBI于4月5日前推出新政，禁止银行为任何管辖内的企业提供数字货币结算服务，并给银行三个月期限结束与数字货币运营商的关系。
Reuters reports that India is preparing a large-scale ban on virtual coins as a payment system. The Central Bank explained its position as a protection against fraud and other criminal activities.
RBI launched a new deal by April 5, prohibiting banks from providing digital currency clearing services to any enterprise within its jurisdiction and giving banks three months to end their relationship with digital money operators.
5月15日，印度央行反对法院批准的申请，要求对该国的比特币等加密货币进行监管。印度央行告诉最高法院，这个问题是印度议会的政策问题，而不是法院辩论的主题。
On May 15, the Central Bank of India objected to a court-approved application to regulate the country’s encrypted currency, such as bitcoin. The Central Bank of India told the Supreme Court that the issue was a policy issue for the Indian Parliament, not the subject of a court debate.
巴基斯坦
Pakistan
巴基斯坦国家银行（SBP）完全禁止所有的银行和其他金融服务提供商支持和使用虚拟货币交易，禁止国内和国际与加密货币相关的支付和转账行为
The National Bank of Pakistan (SBP) completely prohibits all banks and other financial service providers from supporting and using virtual currency transactions and prohibits domestic and international payments and transfers related to encrypted currency
中亚
Central Asia
吉尔吉斯斯坦
Kyrgyzstan
吉尔吉斯斯坦支持区域链和加密货币政治
吉尔吉斯共和国的法律体系确实对快速发展的金融技术表现出友好的态度。
《吉尔吉斯斯坦区块链技术的法律地位》报告指出：“该国的法律不禁止或干扰金融科技项目的活动，包括区块链和数字货币交易。它只是要求遵守共和国的税收政策，反洗钱规则，消费者保护规范以及与传统金融市场上的贸易有关的其他法律。”
吉尔吉斯斯坦拥有一个对区块链相关项目和加密货币交易已经很友好的法律体系
The legal system of Kyrgyzstan, which supports regional chains and crypto-currency politics
, does demonstrate a friendly attitude towards rapidly developing financial technology.
The Legal Status of Kyrgyzstan's Block Chain Technology Report states: “The country's laws do not prohibit or interfere with the activities of financial science and technology projects, including block chains and digital currency transactions. It merely requires compliance with the Republic's tax policy, anti-money-laundering rules, consumer protection norms and other laws relating to trade in traditional financial markets.”
Kyrgyzstan has a legal system that is already friendly to sector-related projects and encrypted currency transactions.
乌兹别克斯坦
Uzbekistan
乌兹别克斯坦已宣布将合法化比特币和电子货币。
据当地新闻媒体Vzglyad 报道，乌兹别克斯坦将于2018年9月发布规范比特币的计划，而乌兹别克斯坦建设的区块链技术中心将于7月开始运行。
该国总统沙夫卡特米尔齐耶耶夫赞同拟定比特币、加密货币和区块链技术监管计划的文件计划，立法提案将由一些政府部门和中央银行以及其他各方提供。
Uzbekistan has announced that it will legalize bitcoin and electronic currency.
The local press, Vzglyad, reported that Uzbekistan will issue a plan to regulate bitcoin in September 2018, while the block chain technical centre built in Uzbekistan will be operational in July.
The President of Uzbekistan, Shafkat Mirziyev, endorsed the plan for the preparation of a document on the technical supervision of bitcoin, encrypted currency, and block chains, with legislative proposals to be provided by a number of government departments and the Central Bank, among others.
哈萨克斯坦
Kazakhstan
前段时间，哈萨克斯坦支持加密货币挖矿，并在金融科技上投入巨资。
迄今为止，哈萨克斯坦的电费是世界上最低的。在该国的北部地区，1千瓦时的成本不到1美分。哈萨克斯坦国民经济部估计产能过剩3，500兆瓦。如果多余的电力出售给加密货币挖矿公司，哈萨克斯坦可能会收到高达十亿的额外收入，每年将能够抗衡中国和加拿大在加密货币挖矿收入。而且哈萨克斯坦有其独特的环境优势，在加密货币的挖掘中，计算机升温非常快，但是哈萨克斯坦有其独特的环境优势，你不必冷却“采矿场”，或许你只需打开一扇窗户即可自由冷却。
In the previous period, Kazakhstan supported encrypted currency mining and invested heavily in financial technology.
Kazakhstan has so far had the lowest electricity bill in the world. In the northern part of the country, the cost is less than a cent per kilowatt-hour. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of National Economy estimates the excess capacity of 3,500 megawatts.
西亚
West Asia
伊朗
Iran
伊朗政府颁布政令禁止本国部分加密货币交易，同时不完全开放ICO，近期宣称要禁止Telegram ICO。但除此之外，伊朗政府没有关于加密货币其他方面进一步的监管措施。
The Iranian government has issued a decree banning part of the country’s encrypt currency transactions, while not completely opening up the ICO, and has recently announced a ban on Telegram ICO. In addition, however, the Iranian government has no further regulatory measures on other aspects of the encrypt currency.
阿塞拜疆
Azerbaijan
阿塞拜疆近期成为挖矿者们青睐的地区，政府出台相关政令，没有禁止加密货币交易，但是除此之外，缺乏跟多针对加密货币行业监管的细则。
Azerbaijan has recently become a favoured area for diggers, and the Government has issued a decree that does not prohibit the exchange of encrypted currency, but there is a lack of regulations to regulate more often than not the cryptographic money industry.
阿联酋
Emirates
阿联酋政府仅提出投资加密货币需要谨慎小心的警告，该国支持加密货币交易，但是仅此而已，具体监管细则目前还没有。
His Government had merely warned of the need for caution in investing in encrypted currencies, which it supported, but no specific regulatory rules were in place.
科威特
Kuwait
科威特政府下令禁止加密货币交易，并且发布警告要求投资者谨慎行事。除此之外，科威特政府没有进一步法律法规约束加密货币，具体细则有待开发。
The Government of Kuwait has ordered a ban on encrypted currency transactions and issued warnings requiring investors to exercise caution. In addition, the Government of Kuwait has no further laws or regulations to regulate encrypted currency, and specific rules are yet to be developed.
巴勒斯坦
Palestine
虽然有报道指出巴勒斯坦有意愿发行自己的数字加密货币，但是巴勒斯坦央行层宣布禁令，禁止一切加密货币交易、ICO等行为，加密货币行业在巴勒斯坦属于严格监管范畴，目前没有迹象指出该国有解禁意图。
While there have been reports of Palestinian willingness to issue its own digital encrypted currency, the Palestinian Central Bank has announced a ban on all encrypted currency transactions, ICOs, etc., and the crypto-currency industry is under strict Palestinian control, with no indication of any intention to lift the ban.
亚美尼亚
Armenia
亚美尼亚政府没有出台具体法律法规约束加密货币交易、ICO等，但是政府发布过警告性质的声明，要求投资者对待加密货币需要谨慎。
The Government of Armenia does not have specific laws and regulations to regulate encrypted currency transactions, ICOs, etc., but it has issued warning statements requiring investors to be cautious in their treatment of encrypted currency.
以色列
Israel
以色列税务当局表示将比特币等数字货币视为一种资产，而不是一种货币。对数字货币的使用征税。此外，从数字货币中获得收入的实体将被视为一家金融机构，并将按照管理该国银行和外汇交易的相同监管规定征税。以色列税务当局还要求所有的数字货币交易都要进行记录，以进行可能的审计。26日，以色列最高法院对该国Leumi银行发布了临时禁令。根据禁令要求，Leumi银行的用户可以用该银行账户中交易数字货币。这被视为以色列加密货币行业的一次重大胜利，将为其他比特币企业争取到银行服务创下先例。
The Israeli tax authorities have indicated that digital currencies, such as bitcoins, are considered an asset rather than a currency. The use of digital currencies is taxed. Moreover, the entity receiving revenue from digital currencies will be considered a financial institution and will be taxed in accordance with the same regulatory provisions governing banks and foreign exchange transactions in the country. The Israeli tax authorities also require that all digital currency transactions be recorded for possible audit purposes.
澳洲
Australia
澳大利亚
Australia
澳大利亚不禁止加密货币和ICO，但是会对ICO采取更严格的监管
ASIC表示，会着重强调禁止误导或欺骗性引导投资者的ICO。据CNN报道称，澳大利亚证券和投资委员会（ASIC）最近表示，已经让一部分发行方停止或修改其ICO的发行，因其可能存在误导性或欺骗性行为。此外，ASIC表示已经对涉嫌“无证行为”的运营商展开了调查。
Australia does not prohibit cryptographic currency and ICO, but it says that more stringent regulation of ICO
AsIC will emphasize the prohibition of misleading or deceptive investor-led ICOs. According to CNN, the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) recently reported that it has allowed some issuers to stop or modify their ICO issuances because they may be misleading or fraudulent.
帕劳
Palau
帕劳允许ICO，接受加密货币
Palau allows ICO to accept encrypted currency
RA Entertainment Inc．是一家创新型公司，该公司已决定为赌博创建全球加密货币 - RAcoin。帕劳世界赌场和酒店将是第一个接受RA币的综合体。该计划于2018年年底开始在帕劳Koror州的一个叫做Ngerekebesang Hamlet 的岛屿开始。
RA Enterprise Inc. is an innovative company that has decided to create a global encrypt currency for gambling - racoin. The Palau World Casino and Hotel will be the first complex to accept the Raco. The program began in late 2018 on an island called Ngerekebesang Hamlet in the state of Koror, Palau.
马绍尔群岛
Marshall Islands
马绍尔群岛将会用加密货币作为法定货币
The Marshall Islands will use encrypted currency as the legal currency.
马绍尔群岛可能成为第一个使加密货币成为法定货币的主权国家。马绍尔群岛将于2018年第三季度推出法定货币加密货币，马绍尔群岛官方表示，SOV（官方加密货币）将于2018年第三季度开始销售token，数量将被限制在2400万SOV。SOV将与1982年以来该国的唯一法定货币美元一起成为该国的法定流通货币。
The Marshall Islands is likely to be the first sovereign state to make an encrypted currency a legal currency. The Marshall Islands will introduce an encrypted currency in the third quarter of 2018, and the Marshall Islands official indicates that SOV (official encrypted currency) will start selling token in the third quarter of 2018 and will be limited to 24 million SOVs. SOVs will become the country’s legal currency, together with the United States dollar, the country’s only legal currency since 1982.
瑙鲁
Nauru
瑙鲁使用澳元作为法定货币，没有中央银行。因此，瑙鲁的金融当局可能会遵循澳大利亚储备银行关于加密货币法规的指导。尽管如此，加密货币交易以及组织ICO在瑙鲁都是合法的。
Nauru uses the Australian dollar as the legal currency and does not have a central bank. Thus, Nauru’s financial authorities may follow the guidance of the Reserve Bank of Australia on encrypting currency regulations.
斐济
Fiji
只知道斐济元可用于加密货币跨境支付
We only know that Fijian dollars can be used to encrypt currency cross-border payments.
IBN与Stellar合作创建专为南太平洋国家量身定制的支付系统Stellar Lumen（代币为XLM）最近取得了巨大的成功。目前该体系主要以英镑和斐济元为主。
IBN, in collaboration with Steelar, created a national tailor-made payment system for South 
英国
United Kingdom
英国尽管当前并未明确表示监管加密货币，但一直在积极推进监管落地工作。3月末，英国政府宣布成立数字货币工作组，帮助管控加密资产风险。小组成员来自英国财政部，英格兰银行和金融行为监管局等。4月初，英国金融行为监管局FCA还宣布称，提供与加密货币衍生品相关服务的公司必须符合FCA手册中的所有相关规定，否则或将面临强制措施。自此，与货币或通过ICO发行的代币相关的交易或组织交易活动、提供建议或其他服务的行为可能需要获得FCA的授权许可，包括加密货币期货、加密货币CFD合约和加密货币期权。
At the end of March, the British government announced the establishment of a Digital Currency Working Group to help manage the risks of encrypted assets. Panel members came from the United Kingdom Treasury, the Office of the Superintendent of Banking and Financial Conduct in England, and others. In early April, the British Financial Services Regulatory Authority's FCA also announced that companies providing services related to encrypted money derivatives must comply with all the relevant requirements in the FCA Manual, or face coercive measures.
五月，英格兰银行行长马克·卡尼（Mark Carney）在斯德哥尔摩举办的一个关于“中央银行的未来”的小组会议中表示，他将会考虑由中央银行发行的数字货币，但目前不会立马采取行动，并重申数字货币目前并没有充当法币。
In May, the Governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney, in a panel meeting on “The future of central banks”, held in Stockholm, stated that he would consider digital currencies issued by central banks, but would not act immediately and reiterated that digital currencies were not currently used as French.
与此同时，英国政府正私下探讨对加密货币征税的新指导方针。英国税务海关总署（HMRC）发言人表示，HMRC审查了现有的指导方针，以确保它是中肯的，并反映出英国税务当局对相关问题的理解。
At the same time, the British government is privately exploring new guidelines for taxing cryptographic currencies. The HMRC spokesperson stated that the HMRC has reviewed existing guidelines to ensure that they are relevant and reflect the understanding of the British tax authorities on the relevant issues.
法国
France
法国监管部门表示，加密相关衍生品在线平台需要遵循更加严格的汇报和商业行为准则。5月消息，法国监管当局已决定将加密货币视为“动产”，下调加密货币个体交易者的税点，降至19%，加上15%的社会贡献税，个人共需要缴纳34%的税。这为个体交易者几乎减少了50%的利润损失，早前根据法国加密货币的指导政策，个体税点总数达60%。但加密货币企业的税点并没有下调。ICO监管方面，法国金融市场监管机构AMF称正准备出台一项关于ICO的立法，以鼓励在该国开展新型的筹资活动。法国经济和金融部门证实，AMF提出的监管框架将承认ICO是一种合法的投资手段。
In May, the French regulatory authority decided to lower the tax point for encrypted currency as “movable property” to 19% for encrypted individual traders, which, together with a social contribution tax of 15%, would require individuals to pay 34% of the tax. This reduced the individual traders’ loss of profits by almost 50%, compared to 60% in the earlier period under French guidelines for encrypted currency.
法国财政部和法国金融市场监管局（AMF）已首次公布包含ICO监管条款规定的议案，它为销售数字货币列出了一系列条款，将让AMF主管ICO，ICO融资方可以向AMF申请，获得官方“印鉴”，证明其法律可靠性。AMF法律事务主管Anne Maréchal表示：“我们将在全球率先对ICO进行专门监管。我们必须把最棒的项目吸引到法国。”报道称，议案料将本月提交总统主持、各部部长均出席的法国内阁会议，9月提交法国议会，议员们希望它能在今年年底前成为立法。今年3月，AMF准备启动ICO立法。法国经济和金融部确认，AMF提出的监管框架将承认ICO为合法的投资手段。
The French Ministry of Finance and the French Financial Market Supervisory Authority (AMF) have published for the first time a bill containing provisions on the regulation of the ICO, which sets out a series of provisions for the sale of digital currency, which will allow AMF managers ICO and ICO financiers to apply to the AMF to obtain official “prints” to prove their legal reliability. The AMF legal officer, Anne Maréchal, has stated: “We will take the lead in regulating the ICO at the global level. We must attract the best projects to France.” According to reports, the bill is expected to be submitted to the French Cabinet meeting chaired by the President this month and attended by ministers, and to the French Parliament in September, and parliamentarians hope that it will become legislation by the end of this year. In March, the AMF is preparing to initiate ICO legislation.
德国
Germany
德国监管机构表示需要对加密代币采取逐案审查的方式。根据个案情况审查首次代币发行，以决定适用哪种法律框架，可能基于银行法、资产管理法、保险法和支付服务法。目前，联邦机构建议有关各方参考适用于传统金融工具的规定并遵守当前的规定要求。最近德国还打击了没有经纪服务许可的交易场所。
German regulators have indicated the need for a case-by-case review of encrypted tokens. The first issue of a token is reviewed on a case-by-case basis to determine the legal framework to be applied, possibly on the basis of banking law, asset management law, insurance law, and payment services law.
德国联邦金融部门透露，国内6家金融机构已经开始交易数字货币，该部门并未披露哪些银行正在开展业务。德国政府目前没有侵犯或限制其公民交易数字货币的权利。目前为止，财政部还没有发现这些金融机构有违反洗钱或金融资产规则的案例。
The German federal financial sector reveals that six domestic financial institutions have started trading in digital currencies, and that the sector has not disclosed which banks are operating. The German government does not currently violate or restrict the right of its citizens to deal in digital currencies.
俄罗斯
Russia
俄罗斯监管机构已多次表示反对将“数字货币作为私人货币和金钱代用品”。俄财政部副部长Alexei Moiseev表示，只有俄罗斯卢布才能用于支付宪法所提及的商品和服务，然而法律没有规定对违规行为的处罚，财政部正在努力填补这一空白。3月初，俄罗斯金融市场委员会负责人提交了一份名为《数字金融资产》的法案草案，要求数字货币交易只能通过交换服务运营商进行数字资产交易。该委员会希望这种方法能够防止洗钱企图和其他金融动机的欺诈活动，交易所必须是在俄罗斯经营的合法实体。4月初，俄罗斯联邦金融监测局（Rosfinmonitoring）出面反对俄罗斯境内进行数字货币交易。此外，俄罗斯普京要求在今年7月前合法化数字货币市场。
Russian regulators have repeatedly expressed their opposition to the use of “digital currency as a substitute for private money and money.” Alexei Moiseev, Deputy Minister of Finance of Russia, stated that only Russian rubles could pay for the goods and services referred to in the Constitution, although the law did not provide for penalties for irregularities, and the Ministry of Finance was trying to fill that gap. In early March, the head of the Russian Financial Markets Commission submitted a draft bill entitled “Digital Financial Assets” requiring digital currency transactions to be carried out only through the exchange of service operators.
不过近期，俄罗斯有意放宽其加密货币政策，准备开放ICO。俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行和国家结算所（NRD）将于当地时间5月24日试行该国的第一个正式ICO，Sberbank CIB和NRD正在与央行敲定计划，计划在2018年夏季前启动该项目。Sberbank CIB负责人伊戈尔?布隆瑟夫（Igor Bulantsev）表示，俄罗斯的ICO市场非常有希望。据悉，该试行ICO的收益将被用于在莫斯科最大的商业演讲厅推出的新的在线服务，该项目的代币只出售给合格投资者。
Recently, however, Russia intends to liberalize its encrypt monetary policy by opening up the ICO. The Russian Federal Savings Bank and the National Clearing House (NRD) will pilot the country’s first official ICO, Sberbank CIB and NRD on 24 May local time, with plans being finalized with the central bank to launch the project by the summer of 2018. The head of Sberbank CIB 
瑞士
Switzerland
瑞士金融市场监管局（FINMA）于今年2月发布了ICO指导方针，文件规定：所有ICO参与者必须执行KYC。 制定的指导方针旨在为ICO增加透明度，但目前产生了一些反效果。监管局表示将评估该国已开展的ICO是否遵循发布的ICO准则。目前还不清楚FINMA是否会倾向于针对违规实体采取任何行动，即使该准则援引的法律授权它这样做。
The Swiss Financial Markets Supervisory Authority (FINMA) issued the ICO guidelines in February this year, which state that all ICO participants must implement KYC. The guidelines are designed to increase transparency for ICO, but they have now produced some counter-effects.
瑞士政府正在采取措施推进其创建国家发行的数字货币的计划，政府已要求就“e-Franc”数字货币的风险和机会进行初步报告。据路透社报道，国家社会民主党副主席Cedric Wermuth是这项研究的主要支持者，一旦议会下院获得批准，该国财政部将进行进一步研究。
The Government of Switzerland is taking steps to advance its plans to create a digital currency issued by the State, and the Government has requested a preliminary report on the risks and opportunities of the “e-Franc” digital currency. According to Reuters, Cedric Wermoth, Vice-President of the National Social Democratic Party, is the main supporter of the study and will be studied further by the Ministry of Finance, once approved by the lower house of Parliament.
意大利
Italy
意大利针对加密货币相关公司的新监管制度的公开磋商已结束，经济部和财政部已经就相关法令草案提出建议，新规将在三个月内生效。该法令的目的是希望能探索和理解加密货币领域的各种现象，法令指出：尽管加密货币被用作“购买商品和服务的交换手段”，但它并非由中央银行或其他的公共机构发行，加密货币不一定要与法币挂钩。目前意大利政府正在就拟议的加密货币法规寻求反馈意见。作为反馈过程的一部分，政府希望衡量加密货币的国内市场规模，以及与之合作的企业数量。
In Italy, public consultations on the new regulatory regime for cryptographic money-related companies have been completed, and the Ministries of Economy and Finance have submitted proposals for a draft decree that will enter into force within three months. The aim of the decree is to explore and understand the phenomena in the area of cryptographic currency, which states that, although it is used as a “exchange for goods and services,” it is not issued by the Central Bank or other public institutions, and it does not necessarily have to be linked to the French currency.
近期意大利政府发布关于投资加密货币的警告。意大利金融市场监管机构Consob近期发布报告，对进行未经授权的外汇和CFDs业务的机构发出警告，并提醒当地居民警惕经纪人的数字货币投资建议。据悉，一些上市公司也参与了鼓励投资者交易或投资数字货币的计划，委员会据此收集了意大利多个数字货币交易平台的信息。迄今为止，Consob没有认可任何数字货币交易平台，并建议当地投资者在向经纪人进行任何投资前先行检查其所属机构的注册情况。
Recently, Consob, the Italian financial market regulator, issued a report warning agencies of unauthorized foreign exchange and CFCs operations and alerting local residents to broker proposals for digital money investment. According to information received, a number of listed companies are also involved in schemes to encourage investors to trade or invest in digital money, on the basis of which the Commission collects information on several Italian digital money trading platforms.
西班牙
Spain
西班牙执政党人民党正在制定立法提案，为希望在该国经营的区块链公司引入税收优惠。该法案是针对涉及各类技术的企业的税收激励措施的一部分，目的是为了促进西班牙金融，医疗和教育行业发展。法案还包含一些条款，将吸引企业发起ICO。
The Spanish ruling party, the People’s Party, is preparing legislative proposals to introduce tax incentives for block-chain companies wishing to operate in the country. The bill is part of a tax incentive for enterprises involved in various types of technology, with a view to promoting the development of the Spanish financial, medical and educational sectors. The bill also contains provisions that will attract businesses to launch the ICO.
西班牙央行行长Luis Maria Linde5月23日在马德里举行的一次会议上表示，使用加密货币会带来更多风险而不是利益。在谈到银行和金融领域新技术的兴起时，Linde还警告说，向数字经济转型带来了控制上的风险和挑战。
At a meeting in Madrid on 23 May, the President of the Central Bank of Spain, Luis Maria Linde, stated that the use of encrypted currency would pose more risks than benefits. Speaking of the emergence of new technologies in banking and finance, Linde also warned that the transition to a digital economy would pose control risks and challenges.
5月30日，西班牙国会一致支持有利于规范区块链技术和加密货币的立法草案。由主要议会党派人民党商定的倡议草案赢得了众议院财政和公共职能委员会所有各方的支持。该文件要求审查与加密货币，比如比特币以及区块链相关的法规，并建议通过监管沙箱向西班牙市场引入该技术。国会已同意推动区块链作为一种成本效益高且不受干扰的支付和转移系统，并主张特别需要培育金融科技创业公司。
On 30 May, the Spanish Congress unanimously supported draft legislation that would help regulate block chain technology and encrypted currency. The draft initiative agreed upon by the main parliamentary party, the People’s Party, gained the support of all parties in the Finance and Public Functions Committee of the Chamber of Deputies.
百慕大
Bermuda
百慕大或将成全球第一个立法监管ICO的国家。3月，百慕大总理兼财长David Burt向议会提交了一份有关加密货币的草案摘要，将ICO定义为“限制性商业活动”，且规定ICO前需报财政部批准。David Burt称立法者应该采取“审慎措施”监管加密货币产业，使该国成为“金融技术领域的领导者”。Burt表示对ICO进行监管可以减少加密货币被用于非法目的的风险。此举将给那些想在百慕大进行ICO的公司提供更多司法方面的确定性。
In March, Bermuda’s Premier and Chancellor of Finance, David Burt, submitted to Parliament a draft digest of the encrypt currency, defining the ICO as a “restrictive business activity” and requiring ICO to be previously reported to the Treasury for approval. David Burt argued that legislators should take “precautionary measures” to regulate the encrypt currency industry, making the country “lead in the area of financial technology.” Burt suggested that regulation of the ICO would reduce the risk that the encrypt currency would be used for illegal purposes. This would provide greater judicial certainty to companies wishing to do ICO in Bermuda.
马耳他
Malta
马耳他对加密货币交易所一直表现出非常友好的态度，已制定三项立法草案正在公开征求意见，分别是MDIA（马耳他数字创新局）条例草案；TAS（技术服务提供商法案）条例草案；VC（虚拟货币）条例草案。这些规则将涵盖关于 经纪人、交易所、资产管理人和交易员如何进行合规操作。该国的税收政策也规定：对岛上跨国公司的征税率低至5%，并且长期不变。马耳他目前还推出一项能够清楚界定首次数字代币发行（ICO）资产何时属于证券的测试提案。监管机构正在为这项提案征询公众反馈。据称该提案最终将被纳入其虚拟金融资产法案（VFAA）之中。
Malta has always shown a very friendly attitude towards an encrypted currency exchange, and three draft legislations are under public comment, namely, the MDIA (Maltese Agency for Digital Innovation) Bill; the TAS (Technology Service Providers Act) Bill; and the VC (Virtual Currency) Bill. These rules will cover compliance with brokers, exchanges, asset managers, and traders.
比利时
Belgium
比利时政府目前仅发布过警告，其他方面，目前暂无更多消息。报道称比利时政府正在支持一个网站，该网站旨在警告数字货币投资者有关潜在欺诈行为的迹象。这个名为“Too Good to Be True”的新网站部分由比利时联邦公共服务经济和金融服务和市场管理局管理。该网站称，数字货币的骗子通常看起来很可靠，但他们仍然可能欺骗潜在投资者。
The Belgian government is currently issuing only warnings, and others are not receiving much more. It is reported that the Belgian government is supporting a website designed to warn digital money investors of signs of potential fraud. The new site, called Too Good to Be True, is managed in part by the Belgian Federal Agency for Public Service, Economic and Financial Services and Markets.
非洲南非
South Africa
尽管南非中央银行曾表示将探索“合适的政策框架和监管制度”，但其市场监管者目前并未对虚拟货币及数字资产交易所进行监管。但为了保护投资者和防范风险，它设立了一个调查机构来监督加密货币行业的发展。该机构有权制定自己的规则、指令和标准。它将采取措施防范系统性风险，同时使南非蓬勃发展的加密货币行业能够保持全球竞争力。
Although the Central Bank of South Africa has indicated that it will explore “appropriate policy frameworks and regulatory regimes,” its market regulators do not currently regulate virtual currency and digital asset exchanges. To protect investors and protect against risk, it has set up an investigative body to oversee the development of the crypto-currency industry.
南非央行将比特币等数字货币称为“数字代币”（cyber-tokens），因为它们不符合被归类为货币的要求。南非央行副行长Francois Groepe周四对记者表示：“我们不使用‘加密货币’这个词，因为它不符合货币的要求，我们更喜欢使用“cyber-tokens”这个词。我们希望确保或确定它们是否仍遵守相关的财务监管或外汇管制规定。“
The Central Bank of South Africa calls digital currencies such as Bitcoins “cyber-tokens” because they do not meet the requirements for classification as currencies. The Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of South Africa, François Groepe, said to reporters on Thursday: “We do not use the word ‘encrypted currency’ because it does not meet the requirements for currency, and we prefer the word ‘cyber-tokens’.
津巴布韦
Zimbabwe
在津巴布韦，数字货币可以在交易所进行交易并被用作支付手段。今年4月，津巴布韦中央银行已发布通知禁止该国金融机构提供加密货币相关服务，并要求所有金融机构在60天内停止服务加密货币交易，并开始清算现有的加密账户。
In Zimbabwe, digital money can be traded on an exchange and used as a means of payment. In April this year, the Central Bank of Zimbabwe issued a circular prohibiting the country’s financial institutions from providing encrypted money-related services and requiring all financial institutions to stop service encrypted currency transactions within 60 days and to begin clearing existing encrypted accounts.
肯尼亚
Kenya
同样在4月，在非洲最注重技术的国家——肯尼亚，该国中央银行（CBK）也向全国所有银行发出警告，不要使用加密货币或进行加密相关的交易。尽管肯尼亚的官方已经警告不要交易加密货币，但比特币及其他加密货币仍然越来越受欢迎。
Also in April, Kenya, the country’s central bank (CBK), the country’s most technology-oriented country, warned all banks throughout the country not to use encrypted currency or to carry out encrypted related transactions. Despite Kenya’s official warning not to trade encrypted currency, Bitcoin and other encrypted currency are increasingly popular.
5月，肯尼亚首都内罗毕的资本市场管理局（CMA）提议成立一个专门的部门来处理与加密货币有关的问题。CMA的CEO Paul Muthaura在近日发布的“Capital Market sounreport”报告中提到“一个由金融监管机构组成的联合工作组可以解决加密货币和ICO问题”。该部门将包括所有相关监管机构，如肯尼亚央行和肯尼亚央行（CBK）等。
In May, the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, proposed the establishment of a special department to deal with issues related to cryptographic currency. The CEA's CEO Paul Muthaura, in a recent “Capital Market sounreport” report, mentioned that “a joint working group of financial regulators could address the issue of cryptographic currency and ICO.” This sector would include all relevant regulators, such as the Central Bank of Kenya and the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK).
尼日利亚
Nigeria
尼日利亚加密货币市场目前尚未被监管，但该国监管机构已多次向该国居民和金融机构发出警告表示投资加密货币将不受政策保护，投资者将面临交易所破产和市场波动等风险。
Nigeria's encrypted currency market is not currently regulated, but the country's regulators have issued numerous warnings to the country's residents and financial institutions that the investment of encrypted currency will not be subject to policy protection and that investors will be exposed to risks such as exchange bankruptcy and market volatility.
埃及
Egypt
虽然埃及在加密货币市场中还不太活跃，但其宗教领袖曾表示在伊斯兰教法的规定下，加密货币交易是不被允许的。虽然这种教令没有法律约束力，但它的确能被视为一种高级法律意见。
Although Egypt is not yet active in the crypto-currency market, its religious leaders have stated that crypto-currency transactions are not permitted under sharia law. While such orders are not legally binding, they can indeed be regarded as a high-level legal opinion.
利比亚
Libya
利比亚中央银行（CBL）称比特币等虚拟货币在利比亚是非法的，使用它的人不能受利比亚法律的保护。CBL周二警告所有利比亚民众使用虚拟货币的安全风险，并称其可用于犯罪活动，引发恐怖主义和洗钱活动。它补充说，涉及虚拟货币的使用应得到CBL的允许。
The Central Bank of Libya (CBL) claims that virtual currency such as Bitcoin is illegal in Libya and that its users cannot be protected by Libyan law. On Tuesday, CBL warns all Libyans of the security risks of using virtual currency and claims that it can be used for criminal activities, triggering terrorism and money-laundering. It adds that the use of virtual currency should be allowed by CBL.
美洲北美洲
North America
美国
USA
美国各州对加密货币监管态度不一，但总体上监管趋严。
The states of the United States differ in their approach to the regulation of cryptographic currency, but overall regulation has become more stringent.
美国商品期货交易委员会（CFTC）认定比特币属于大宗商品，并在声明中表示其监管对象包括洲际贸易中涉及比特币的欺诈、操纵等行为，以及与比特币直接挂钩的大宗商品期货交易。
The United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) identified Bitcoin as a bulk commodity and stated in its statement that the subject of its regulation included fraud, manipulation, etc. involving Bitcoin in intercontinental trade, and bulk futures transactions directly linked to Bitcoin.
美国国税局（IRS）出于税收考虑将比特币和其他加密数字货币认定为财产而非货币，并出台了相应规定。尽管部分交易所可以正常出具1099报税表格，个人仍需针对比特币及其他加密数字货币的盈利部分缴纳相应税款。加密数字货币交易带来的长期和短期资本盈利或损失都需按要求进行申报。
The United States Revenue Service (IRS) identifies Bitcoin and other encrypted digital currencies as property rather than currency for tax reasons, and has made corresponding provisions. Although some exchanges can normally issue 1099 tax forms, individuals have to pay the corresponding taxes on the profits of bitcoins and other encrypted digital currencies.
美国证监会（SEC）要求符合证券定义的数字资产交易平台必须向SEC提交注册成交易所申请，还向可能违反证券法的加密货币公司发出传票，要求对方披露 ICO 销售及预售结构。
The United States Securities Commission (SEC) requires digital asset trading platforms that meet the definition of securities to submit an application for registration as an exchange to SEC and to issue summonses to encrypted money companies that may violate securities laws to disclose ICO sales and pre-sale structures.
五月，美国发起针对加密货币交易的督查措施，在北美证券管理员协会（NASAA）主办的活动中公布了一项关于数字货币诈骗的“国际镇压”，被称为“Operation Cryptosweep”。根据声明，Cryptosweep行动包括自本月初以来近70次的调查，以及35次未完成的执法行动。目前还有更多的调查正在进行，尽管目前还不清楚何时会公布任何相关的执法行动。美国田纳西州商业和保险部（TDCI）表示在4月份召集了由NASAA成员组成的特别工作组，开始对ICO和加密货币相关投资产品进行一系列协调一致的调查。据报道，该行动主要关注的是最ICO或令牌销售。这一消息最初由华盛顿邮报报道，详细内容后来由田纳西州商业和保险部（TDCI）以及德克萨斯州证券委员会（TSSB）发布。
In May, the United States launched a surveillance measure against cryptographic currency transactions by publishing an “international crackdown” on digital currency fraud at an event hosted by the North American Association of Securities Administrators (NASAA), known as “Operation Cryptosweep.” According to the statement, Cryptosweep included nearly 70 investigations since the beginning of this month, as well as 35 unfinished enforcement operations. More investigations are under way, although it is not clear when any related enforcement action will be announced. The United States Department of Commerce and Insurance of Tennessee (TDCI) indicated that a task force composed of NASA members was convened in April to begin a series of coordinated investigations of ICO and encrypted currency-related investment products.
同时，美国监管机构调查人员要求几家比特币交易所提交综合交易数据，以协助调查操纵是否扭曲了与加密货币有关的市场价格。
At the same time, investigators of United States regulators require several Bitcoin exchanges to submit consolidated transaction data to assist in investigating whether manipulation distorts market prices associated with encrypted currencies.
加拿大
Canada
加拿大的证券监管都由各省自主负责，其中安大略省证券委员会（OSC）是加拿大最强大的监管机构之一。OSC在3月29日发布的“优先权声明”草案中宣布，将在未来一年优先处理加密货币和首次代币发行（ICO）。OSC承诺就安全性提供强化指导，并与加密货币交易所合作讨论业界的发展，该机构还进一步承诺对加密电子货币发行人进行“持续监控和评估”。4月8日OSC表示，加拿大未经授权的加密货币交易可能面临法律上的风险。
The Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) is one of Canada's most powerful regulators. In its draft “Statement of Priority” issued on March 29, the OSC announced that priority would be given to the treatment of encrypted currency and first-time currency issuance (ICO) in the coming year. The OSC committed itself to providing enhanced guidance on security and to discussing industry development in cooperation with the Encrypted Currency Exchange, and further committed itself to “continuing monitoring and evaluation” of the issuers of encrypted electronic currency.
加拿大安大略省证券委员会5月22日发布了一份投资者警示称：“Btcreal，Bitserial，Hypercube Ventures LP，CabincoinOü和Baappay Inc．这五家加密货币公司未在安大略省注册就招揽投资，无法就投资、买卖证券提供建议。”
The Ontario Securities Commission, Canada, issued an investor alert on 22 May: “Btcreal, Bitserial, Hypercube Ventures LP, CabincoinOü and Baappay Inc. The five crypto-currency companies are not registered in Ontario and are unable to advise on investments and purchases of securities.”
关于交易和支付方面，加拿大政府发布了关于数字货币交易和支付处理商的新法规草案。该草案规定，将数字货币交易所和支付处理商规定为货币服务业务（MSB），要求其报告超过1万加元（约合7700美元）的大额交易，并且需在交易额超过1000加元（约合770美元）时进行KYC（Know Your Customer）验证。
With regard to transactions and payments, the Government of Canada has issued a new draft regulation on digital money transactions and payment processors, which provides that digital currency exchanges and payment processors are to be defined as currency service operations (MSBs), requiring them to report large transactions in excess of $10,000 (approximately $7,700) and to be certified by the KYC (Know Your Cstomer) when the transaction value exceeds $1,000 (approximately $770).
墨西哥
Mexico
3月1日，墨西哥国会众议院通过了金融技术法案，针对包括众筹和加密货币公司在内的金融科技领域进行监管，同时确定加密货币非法定货币。该法案目前正在等待墨西哥总统恩里克·培尼亚·涅托（Enrique Pena Nieto）签字。去年12月，墨西哥银行和证券委员会表示不承认加密数字货币是一种合法的支付形式，同时还指出墨西哥禁止推出ICO项目。
On 1 March, the Chamber of Deputies of the Mexican Congress adopted the Financial Technology Act, which regulates financial science and technology, including publicly organized and encrypted money companies, while at the same time establishing the illegal currency of the encrypted currency. The bill is currently awaiting the signature of the President of Mexico, Enrique Pena Nieto. In December last year, the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission stated that it did not recognize encrypted digital currency as a legal form of payment, and also stated that Mexico had prohibited the launching of the ICO project.
南美洲
South America
委内瑞拉
Venezuela
2018年2月，委内瑞拉正式发售石油币，并将其定为该国的法定货币打击通胀背景下比特币的盛行。4月30日，委内瑞拉授权16家加密货币交易所牌照。据新华社5月11日消息，委内瑞拉总统马杜罗签署了一项总统令，在位于新埃斯帕塔州东北部的免税玛格丽塔岛上建立一个“使用石油作为购买货币的特殊经济区，用于免税区内的交易。”此外，该国还宣布投资10亿美元石油币组建“青年银行（Youth Bank）”，马杜罗总统还敦促国人继续挖掘石油币，包括创建采矿场。
On 30 April, Venezuela authorized 16 encrypted currency exchange licence plates. According to news from Xinhua, on 11 May, Venezuelan President Maduro signed a presidential decree establishing a “special economic zone on duty-free island of Margarita, located in the north-east of the state of New Esparta, using oil as a currency for the purpose of trading in the tax-free zone.” In addition, the country announced an investment of $1 billion in the establishment of the Youth Bank, and President Maduro urged the nation to continue digging for petroleum currency, including the creation of a mining site.
巴西
Brazil
巴西证券交易委员会（CVM）1月12日宣布规定：“加密货币不能被视为金融资产，实际上是禁止基金直接投资于比特币等资产。” 不过，根据《圣保罗州报》4月20日报道，CVM将于5月初将发布指导意见，批准基金管理公司“间接”投资于加密货币以及建议基金管理人员参与全球加密货币市场的程度，而不会与当地监管机构发生冲突。去年12月，CVM和巴西央行发表了一份联合声明，警告人们与加密货币相关的风险。
The Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) announced on 12 January that “encrypted currency cannot be considered a financial asset, and indeed prohibits the Fund from investing directly in assets such as Bitcoin.” However, according to the State of São Paulo newspaper, which reported on 20 April, CVM will issue guidance in early May to authorize the Fund Management Corporation to invest “indirectly” in encrypted currency and to recommend to fund managers the extent of their participation in the global market for encrypted currency, without clashing with local regulators. In December last year, CVM and the Central Bank of Brazil issued a joint statement warning people of the risks associated with encrypted currency.
巴西证券交易委员会（CVM）的一个工作组正在讨论投资加密资产的法规。该国的加密货币专家认为，他们最多会跟随日本的领先优势，最坏的情况下，他们将领先美国立法进展。尽管今年早些时候，CVM禁止用户注册投资加密货币交易。
A working group of the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) is discussing regulations for investing in encrypted assets. The country’s encryption money experts believe that they will follow Japan’s lead at best, and in the worst case, they will lead the way in US legislation.
厄瓜多尔
Ecuador
在过去的四年里，厄瓜多尔政府对加密货币采取了强硬的态度。2018年2月16日，厄瓜多尔央行发表声明，告知公众，比特币不是国家授权使用的支付方式：
In the last four years, the Ecuadorian government has taken a strong stance on encrypted currency. On February 16, 2018, the Central Bank of Ecuador issued a statement informing the public that Bitcoin is not a means of payment authorized by the state:
通过比特币进行的金融交易不受厄瓜多尔任何实体的控制监管，这就是为什么使用它会给其使用者构成金融风险。重要的是，通过互联网购买和出售加密货币（如比特币）的方式并没被禁止； 但是，需要强调的是，比特币不是一种法定货币，也没有被授权为是在厄瓜多尔购买商品和服务的一种支付手段，正如《货币和金融有机法典》第94条所规定的那样。
然而，自2014年以来，厄瓜多尔就开始正式开发自己的国家加密货币系统Sistema de DineroElectrónico。其DineroElectrónico代币对标厄瓜多尔中央银行的资产，并与厄瓜多尔的国家货币——美元一对一挂钩。
Financial transactions carried out through Bitcoin are not subject to control by any Ecuadorian entity, which is why their use poses a financial risk to its users. It is important that the purchase and sale of encrypted currency (such as bitcoin) via the Internet is not prohibited; however, it needs to be emphasized that Bitcoin is not a legal currency, nor is it authorized as a means of payment for goods and services purchased in Ecuador, as provided for in article 94 of the Code of Monetary and Financial Organic Law.
However, since 2014, Ecuador has officially developed its national crypto-currency system, Sistema de DineroElectrónico.
玻利维亚
Bolivia
早在2014年，玻利维亚中央银行就彻底禁止任何非政府发行或监管的货币。其还在声明中特别提到了比特币、夸克币、点点币、域名币、质数币和羽毛币，但声明所指的似乎包括了所有加密货币。
As early as 2014, the Central Bank of Bolivia banned completely any non-governmentally issued or regulated currency. In its statement, it also referred specifically to Bitcoin, Quarkecoin, dotted currency, local currency, prime currency and feather currency, but the statement seemed to include all encrypted currency.
其官员认为，“使用任何不是由政府授权实体发行和控制的货币是非法的”。该银行还表示，玻利维亚公民被禁止以任何未经批准货币定价。
According to its officials, “it is illegal to use any currency that is not issued and controlled by an authorized entity of the Government.” The Bank also stated that Bolivian citizens are prohibited from pricing any unauthorised currency.
智利
Chile
智利两家加密货币交易所在公司账户被该国多家银行禁用后，要求智利银行协会出台明确法规。
Two of Chile's encrypted currency exchanges asked the Chilean Banking Association to introduce clear regulations after the company's accounts had been blocked by various banks in the country.
智利的银行“出于对加密货币的恐惧或相关交易信息欠缺”已经关闭了许多类似账户。而这些交易所报告称已在智利多家机构登记注册，并遵守反洗钱法和反恐怖主义融资法。
Chilean banks have closed many similar accounts “for fear of encrypted currency or lack of information on related transactions”, and these exchanges report having registered with various Chilean institutions and complying with the anti-money-laundering and anti-terrorist financing laws.
一位银行高管指出，这些措施并非出于对加密货币的偏见，而是反映出其采取了一种更广泛的银行政策，即拒绝为不符合银行财务预期的账户提供服务。
One bank manager noted that these measures were not motivated by bias against encrypted currencies, but rather reflected a broader banking policy of refusing to service accounts that did not meet the bank's financial expectations.
据报道，4月25日，智利反垄断法庭命令智利国家银行Banco del Estado de Chile和Itau Corpbanca重新开放Buda的账户，而该交易所对其余8家银行的诉讼仍在继续。
On 25 April, the Antimonopoly Tribunal of Chile reportedly ordered Banco del Estado de Chile and Itau Corpbanca, the National Bank of Chile, to reopen the accounts of Buda, while proceedings against the remaining eight banks by the Exchange continued.
虽然智利政府没有明确的法律法规禁止加密货币行业，但是智利目前事实上并不允许加密货币交易，因此在相关具体监管细则公布之前，智利仍属于禁止加密货币交易的国家。
Although the Chilean Government does not have clear laws and regulations prohibiting the cryptographic currency industry, Chile does not currently permit the encryption of currency transactions in practice, so that it is still a country that prohibits cryptographic currency transactions until the relevant specific regulatory rules are published.
三言财经将持续更新各国监管细则，通过观察不同国家对加密货币的态度，也能勾勒出行业发展的轨迹，从另一个角度见证区块链带来的变革。
Financial instruments will continuously update national regulatory rules and, by observing the attitude of different countries towards encrypted currencies, they will also provide a trajectories of industry development and, from another perspective, witness the changes brought about by the block chain.
责任编辑：何凯玲
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