【光明論壇】
{\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}Strange. {\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}
近日，區塊鏈成為網絡熱詞。習近平總書記在10月24日的中央政治局第十八次集體學習時強調：“要把區塊鏈作為核心技術自主創新的重要突破口，明確主攻方向，加大投入力度，著力攻克一批關鍵核心技術，加快推動區塊鏈技術和產業創新發展。”最高層對區塊鏈技術及其集成應用的前瞻性部署，彰顯了區塊鏈技術所蘊含的巨大潛力。
In recent days, the sector chain has become a hot word for the Internet. In October 24, at the 18th session of the Central Political Bureau, the Secretary of State stressed that “the chain should be used as an important new entry point for the core technology, with a clear direction of action, greater investment, a set of key core technologies, and a rapid push for the development of the sector chain technology and industry.” The forward-looking deployment of the chain technology and its integrated applications at the highest level highlighted the enormous potential of the sector chain technology.
何為區塊鏈？這要追溯到2008年全球金融危機，當時許多國家的金融體系因為債務危機受到重創，導致公眾和輿論出現對主權國家金融體系的不信任，一位自稱中本聰的傳奇人物在一篇名為《比特幣：一種點對點的電子現金系統》的論文中提出了區塊鏈的構想。區塊鏈打破了貨幣所需要的中心化機構授信，建立了一種分布式記賬本，即在一個區塊中任一節點產生的信息都通過數據協議、加密算法、共識機制，點對點地傳輸到這個區塊中的所有其他節點，從而構建一種去中心化、不可篡改、安全可驗証的數據庫，建立一種新的信任體系。
What is a chain? This goes back to the global financial crisis of 2008, when the financial systems of many countries were re-inflamed by the debt crisis, leading to public and public distrust of the dominant national financial system, a self-proclaimed legend in a paper called Bitcoin: an electronic, point-to-point cash system, created the concept of a chain. The chain broke down the centralization of the money, created a distributed account, in which information generated at any of the points in a block was transferred to all other points of the block through data agreements, encryption algorithms, a common understanding system, and built a new trust system from a centralized, non-recordable, secure and empirical database.
自問世以來，區塊鏈就以其作為數字貨幣的底層技術而受到各界褒貶，但把區塊鏈技術等同於數字貨幣，就像把互聯網等同於“萬維網”一樣，窄化了區塊鏈的內涵。從區塊鏈自身的邏輯來說，它的核心功能主要有3個：一是機器信任，二是價值傳遞，三是智能合約。這也是適合區塊鏈落地的應用場景。
Since the beginning of the world, the chain has been held hostage by its bottom-level technology as a digital currency, but it equates it with a digital currency and narrows the content of the chain, just as it equates the Internet to a “mix-dimensional network.” From the logic of the chain itself, its core function is three: machine trust, value transmission, and intelligence compacts. This is also a suitable setting for the link site.
當前，區塊鏈技術已經和大數據、雲計算、物聯網、人工智能充分融合發展，其集成應用已經延伸到金融、司法、醫療、能源、供應鏈管理等多個領域，在新的技術革新和產業變革中起著重要作用。
Until then, sector-link technology had been fully integrated with large data, cloud computing, networking, artificial intelligence, and its integrated applications had been extended to a number of areas, including finance, justice, medical care, energy, supply chain management, and had played an important role in new technological innovations and industrial transformations.
習近平總書記強調，要探索“區塊鏈+”在民生領域的運用。套用“互聯網+”帶給人們的極大便利，不難想象“區塊鏈+民生”蘊藏著多麼廣闊的應用前景。例如，在老百姓關心的食品藥品安全領域，區塊鏈技術有廣闊運用空間，它能夠幫助我們建立一套全過程可追溯、不可篡改的數據庫，以實現對食品藥品安全的精准監測。再如，在醫療保險領域，過去行業的一大痛點就是無法全面准確掌握投保人的真實健康狀況，因為投保人可能去不同醫院檢查治療，也可能去不同保險公司投保，如果能夠建一個廣泛的區塊鏈，實現各保險公司和各醫院在保障數據隱私性、安全性、可靠性基礎上的數據共享，無疑將極大促進醫療保險行業的發展。
For example, in the area of safety of food products of concern to the general population, there is a wide range of applications that can help us to build a whole range of traceable, non-alterable databanks to provide accurate monitoring of the safety of food products. As in the field of medical insurance, one of the major pains of the past has been the inability to fully ascertain the real health status of insured persons, since insured persons may go to different hospitals to inspect treatment, or they may go to different insurance companies to insure that if they can build a broad chain, insurance companies and hospitals will be able to ensure that data are private, safe, reliable and shared.
“區塊鏈+”在民生領域的應用場景遠不止於此，理論上所有需要信任、價值、協作的民生服務都可以通過區塊鏈技術提供完善方案，例如証件辦理、業務辦理、醫藥費和發票報銷、公積金發放、小額信貸征信、司法審判的証據鏈、分布式能源、公証領域等，更多的應用還需要“腦洞大開”的創新實踐。我們既要加快區塊鏈核心技術的突破創新，不斷完善監管機制，也要抓住區塊鏈技術融合、功能拓展、產業細分的契機，推動區塊鏈技術在民生領域更廣泛、更深入地應用，實實在在地增進人民群眾的民生福祉。
There is far more to the “district chain plus” applications in the civil domain, and more needs to be created by “brainhole openings” as well. We need to speed up the innovation of the chain core technology by improving the surveillance system. We also need to take advantage of the process of integrating the chain technology, expanding its functionality, developing industry skills, and moving the chain technology to a more general and in-depth application in the civil domain, in order to increase the well-being of the population.
“20年后，我們就會像討論今天的互聯網一樣討論區塊鏈。”硅谷未來預言家馬克·安德森的比喻，某種程度上解釋了今天人們討論區塊鏈的熱切之情。中國從1994年接入國際互聯網以來不過25年，其影響之深、變革之巨、紅利之廣舉世矚目，這種成功經驗為我們進一步認真審視、及早布局、加快應用區塊鏈技術的思考與實踐提供了基礎。
“Twenty years later, we will discuss the chain as we discuss today’s Internet.” The silicon valley’s future prophet Mark Anderson’s metaphor explains, to some extent, the enthusiasm of the chain that people are talking about today.
（作者：鐘超）
(author: superbell)
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