比特币的“中国式洗牌”仍在持续。继1月6日央行北京、上海总部分别约见三家比特币交易平台负责人之后，1月11日，央行上海总部以及央行北京营管部联合上海、北京两地地方金融监管部门组成联合检查组，对“比特币中国”、“火币网”以及“币行”国内这三家知名比特币交易平台进行为期一周的现场检查。北京商报记者了解到，此次监管层主要调查比特币交易平台的杠杆违规交易，涉嫌违法外汇政策、洗钱等行为。在分析人士看来，央行及时进行监管并不是为了取缔国内比特币平台，而是让其更合规。
On 11 January, following a meeting between the central bank in Beijing and the Shanghai headquarters in Beijing with the heads of the three Bitcoin trading platforms, the central bank headquarters in Shanghai and the central bank in Beijing, together with the local financial regulators in Shanghai and Beijing, formed a joint unit to conduct a week-long on-site inspection of the three well-known Bitcoin trading platforms in the country, namely, “bitcoin China”, “ign currency network” and “currency bank”. According to reporters in Beijing, this regulatory level is primarily investigating leverage violations of the Bitcoins trading platform, suspected of violating foreign-exchange policies, money-laundering, etc.
监管将入驻检查一周
Supervising will be in place for one week
多位比特币平台人士1月12日向记者证实，目前央行人士以及地方金融局组成的联合检查组确实已经入驻了三家交易平台，并将入驻一周时间。
Several Bitcoin platform figures confirmed to journalists on 12 January that the Joint Inspection Unit, currently composed of central bankers and local financial authorities, had indeed been placed in three trading platforms and would be based for one week.
就在1月11日傍晚，上海金融办发布消息称，人民银行上海总部、上海市金融办联合相关监管部门对位于上海的比特币交易平台公司“比特币中国”开展现场检查，重点检查该企业是否超范围经营，是否未经许可或无牌照开展信贷、支付、汇兑等相关业务；是否有涉市场操纵行为；反洗钱制度落实情况；资金安全隐患等。
Just on the evening of 11 January, the Shanghai Financial Office issued information that the relevant joint supervisory authorities of the Shanghai headquarters of the People's Bank and the Shanghai City Financial Office had conducted on-site inspections of the Bitcoin trading platform company, “bitcoin China”, located in Shanghai, focusing on whether the enterprise was operating beyond its scope, whether it was carrying out credit, payment, exchange, etc. without permission or licence; whether there had been market manipulation; the implementation of the anti-money-laundering regime; and the risk of financial security.
位于北京的两家比特币交易平台“火币网”、“币行”也纳入现场检查名单。在上海金融局发布公告同日，央行营管部发布公告指出，根据《国务院办公厅关于印发互联网金融风险专项整治实施方案的通知》（国办发〔2016〕21号）相关部署和精神以及相关法律法规，人民银行营业管理部与北京市金融工作局等单位组成联合检查组，于2017年1月11日起进驻“比特币中国”、“火币网”、“币行”比特币交易平台，就交易平台执行外汇管理、反洗钱等相关金融法律法规、交易场所管理相关规定等情况开展现场检查。
On the same day, the Central Bank's Department of Finance issued a circular stating that, in accordance with the Circular of the Office of the State Council on the publication of special programmes for the management and enforcement of Internet financial risks (No. [2016]21) and the relevant laws and regulations, the Ministry of People's Banking Operations and the Beijing Municipal Financial Work Bureau, among others, formed a Joint Inspection Unit to establish, as of 11 January 2017, a “bitcoin China”, “twilightnet” and “coin bank” Bitco” platform to carry out on-site inspections on the implementation of foreign exchange management, anti-money-laundering and related financial laws and regulations, as well as regulations on the management of trading premises.
监管入驻比特币交易平台后，比特币价格继续下跌，截至1月12日18时，比特币价格报5148元/个，下跌4.71%。当日最低跌至4902元/个，而就在1月5日，比特币价格还曾创出历史新高，最高价逼近9000点。但在央行1月6日发布公告后，比特币出现断崖式下跌，从1月5日最高逼近9000点跌至1月6日最低5500点附近，两日下跌2500点。
After supervising entry into the Bitcoin trading platform, Bitcoin prices continued to fall, falling by 4.71% at 1800 hours on 12 January. The lowest fell to $4902 on that day, and just on 5 January, Bitcoin prices reached an all-time high of nearly 9,000.
涉嫌违反限汇政策
Suspected violation of the money transfer policy
比特币交易平台到底有没有问题？一位地方监管人士向记者透露，目前平台可能涉嫌违反外汇政策、洗钱等问题。
Is there a problem with the Bitcoin trading platform? A local regulator revealed to journalists that the platform is currently suspected of violating foreign exchange policy, money laundering, etc.
一位业内人士透露，投资者可以在国内的比特币交易平台购买以人民币计价的比特币，然后在另一家比特币交易平台卖出以美元计价的比特币（除了国外比特币交易平台外，国内几家交易平台同样上线了以美元计价的比特币），这样就可以实现由人民币兑换成美元，从理论上突破限汇政策的限制。
One insider revealed that investors could buy bitcoins denominated in renminbi at a domestic Bitcoin trading platform and then sell bitcoins denominated in United States dollars at another Bitcoin trading platform (in addition to foreign bitcoins trading platforms, several domestic trading platforms are similarly online denominated in United States dollars), thus enabling the exchange of renminbis into United States dollars and the theoretical break-out of the limit on remittance policies.
一位比特币交易平台内部人士向北京商报记者证实，平台虽然能查到投资者将美元计价的比特币提现后的地址，但也管不了这种提现行为。
An insider of the Bitcoin trading platform confirmed to a Beijing businessman that, while the platform had been able to find the location of the investor's current bitcoin denominated in United States dollars, it could not control the current reference.
不过，在比特币资深投资者孙泽宇看来，从实践的角度看，比特币换汇这个问题不太可能存在。“因为比特币暴涨阶段和大多数时期，国内的价格都要高出国外平台价格。行情平稳时，国内比特币价格高出国外10-20美元很正常；去年末和今年初这段暴涨时期，国内价格高出国外100-200美元，也就说在国内买一个比特币到国外换成美元立刻亏损很多。另外，虽然国内比特币交易平台可以卖出比特币，但日交易量很小，一天交易也就1000个比特币左右，说明这样换汇的人并不太多，而国外平台的注册提现等实名认证也非常严格，所以这种操作成本相对较高”。
However, in the view of Sun Zewoo, a senior investor in Bitcoin, it is unlikely from a practical point of view that the issue of Bitcoin exchange is likely to arise. “Because Bitcoin surges and most of the time, domestic prices are higher than foreign platform prices. Domestic bitcoin prices are normal when calmly higher than foreign prices of $10-20; domestic prices were 100-200 more than foreign prices at the end of last year and at the beginning of this year, which means that domestic purchases of a bitcoin into foreign dollars are immediately at a loss.
黄金钱包首席研究员肖磊表示，如果用比特币转移财产，会面临很多风险，第一个是被平台举报的风险，第二个是国际市场交易不活跃，大宗交易到美国等市场，能否迅速变现的风险，第三个是比特币价格波动非常剧烈，最近不到10天已经下跌超过45%，如果一时半会儿无法变现，损失非常惨重。
According to Shaw, the chief researcher on gold wallets, there are many risks involved in transferring property in bitcoin, the first being the risk reported by the platform, the second being the risk of rapid realization of international market transactions, large-scale transactions to markets such as the United States, and the third being the risk of highly volatile prices in bitcoin, which have fallen by more than 45 per cent in the last 10 days or less, with very heavy losses if they are not realized in one and a half hours.
交易平台杠杆交易恐被暂停
Trade platform leverage may be suspended
除了违反外汇政策外，上述地方金融监管部门人士指出，比特币交易存在类期货和杠杆融资等违规行为。
In addition to the violation of foreign exchange policy, the above-mentioned local financial regulators pointed to irregularities in Bitcoin transactions such as futures and leverage financing.
上述业内人士也表示，目前，比特币杠杆交易比较普及。交易中有投资者会采取杠杆交易方式，行业内普遍杠杆倍数约在3倍左右，最高可达5倍。此外，部分比特币交易平台也存在刷单现象，涉嫌操纵价格，这也属于监管的检查范围。
In addition, some Bitcoin trading platforms also have billings that are suspected of price manipulation, which is also part of the regulatory scope.
北京商报记者采访的专业人士纷纷表示，对杠杆交易进行监管十分必要。中国（香港）金融衍生品投资研究院院长王红英表示，比特币的杠杆交易、T+0的交易模式与期货交易十分类似，期货交易属于金融衍生品，不管是国内还是国外，对于金融衍生品监管十分严格，而比特币交易平台没有国家的背书，很难保证交易的公开、公平，容易出现风险事件，进行监管也是十分必要的。
Professionals interviewed by a Beijing newspaper reporter have said that it is necessary to regulate leverage transactions. Wang Hong Hing, President of the China (Hong Kong) Institute of Financial Derivatives and Investment Studies, has stated that Bitcoin leverage transactions, T+0 trading patterns are very similar to futures transactions, that futures transactions are financial derivatives, both domestic and foreign, and that financial derivatives are strictly regulated, and that the Bitcoin trading platform has no national endorsement, and that it is difficult to guarantee that transactions are open, fair, risk-prone and regulatory.
肖磊表示，此次监管的目的实际上有两个，一个是随着比特币价格持续走高，诸多资金开始追逐比特币，甚至大爷大妈也跑步进场，各种借助比特币的骗局频发，如果再不介入，很多骗子就会更加有恃无恐。另外一点，很多似懂非懂的分析放大了比特币转移资产和洗钱的功能，导致央行等监管层压力较大，不得不开始检查。当然，比特币交易平台本身也存在一些问题，比如开发出来的诸多衍生产品已经具有了很高的风险，如果没有设置一定的门槛，让普通投资者参与其中的话，风险是巨大的。
Shaw said that the purpose of the regulation was actually two, one being that, as bitcoin prices continued to rise, money began to chase bitcoin, and even grandpa’s mother ran for it. Many liars would be even more frightened if they did not intervene. And, on the other hand, a lot of understandable analyses magnified the role of bitcoin in the transfer of assets and money-laundering, leading to greater pressure at the regulatory level, such as central banks, and had to start checking.
“比特币的类期货交易属于违规行为，一旦平台开始整顿，未来杠杆功能可能会被关掉。”孙泽宇说道。
“Bitcoin-type futures trading is a violation and, once the platform begins to reshuffle, future leverage may be shut down.” Sun Zewoo said.
比特币市场需要规范化发展
随着监管的入驻，市场对于比特币的前景开始由喜转悲，甚至有人担心比特币交易平台可能会被取缔。对此，肖磊表示，此次监管很难一刀切，因为比特币本身是一个试验，在全球都存在比特币的交易，中国不可能单方面禁止，而且央行也需要这方面的研究和人才，需要培养对数字货币的认识。目前的问题是，如果不画出一条红线，比特币平台可能就会时不时地越界，这一点需要重视。
With the presence of regulation, the market is beginning to be pessimistic about Bitcoin’s prospects, and there are even fears that the Bitcoin trading platform may be banned. In response, Shaw said that it is difficult to regulate this time, because Bitcoin itself is an experiment and there is no one-sided ban in China, and central banks need research and talent in this area.
肖磊表示，比特币作为一种数字货币的试验，肯定会长期存在，没有任何一个国家和阻止有能力消灭比特币，但是比特币交易平台也需要明白一点，比特币不可能取代法币，也不可能拥有完整的货币属性，如果作为一个虚拟资产的交易，以技术发展的观测角度来看，比特币交易平台可能会持续存在，再者，如果监管把这几家大的交易平台停掉，那样更不好监管，因比特币交易会转向地下，更容易出现骗子平台，监管难度更大，目前需要的是交易平台的资金监管和风控意识，以及去杠杆问题。
Shaw said that the trial of Bitcoin as a digital currency was bound to be long-term, no country and the ability to destroy Bitcoin, but that the Bitcoin trading platform also needed to understand that bitcoin could not replace French currency or possess complete monetary attributes. If transactions as a virtual asset were to continue as an observation of technological development, the Bitcoin trading platform could continue to exist. Moreover, if regulations were to stop those large trading platforms, it would be much less regulated, given that bitco dealings would go underground, it would be more likely to appear as a fraud platform, more difficult to regulate, and what was needed now was financial regulation and wind control of the trading platform, as well as deleveraging.
北京寻真律师事务所律师王德怡表示，国际上有的国家（如加拿大）对比特币持支持态度。比特币作为一种新事物，具有创新性，政府可以对其采取观望的态度，允许其作为一种普通商品供投资者进行交易。在监管检查完毕后，可能会有一众交易平台被清理，但比特币交易平台在我国不会被完全取缔，相信这些交易平台会在监管范围寻找到一条尽可能合法交易的途径。
As a new thing, Bitcoin is innovative, and the government can look forward to it, allowing it to be traded as an ordinary commodity for investors. Once regulatory checks have been completed, a trading platform may be cleaned up, but the Bitcoin trading platform will not be completely banned in our country, and it is believed that these trading platforms will find a way to deal as legally as possible within the regulatory sphere.
（原标题：监管层进驻比特币平台 杠杆交易恐被暂停）
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