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3月1日，在美国纽约曼哈顿，人们路过非同质化代币画作自动售货机所在的商店
在这个去中心化的世界里，互联网将迎来革命性的变化。更关键的是，人与互联网之间的关系面临重构。
In a decentralised world, the Internet will be revolutionizing. More importantly, the relationship between people and the Internet is being reshaped.
文/《环球》杂志记者 毛振华
/ Global magazine reporter:
编辑/张海鑫
区块链作为“第四次工业革命”的代表性技术，被认为对多个行业具有颠覆性能量，并逐渐支撑起一个全新的世界——Web3.0。在这个去中心化的世界里，互联网将迎来革命性的变化。更关键的是，人与互联网之间的关系面临重构。
The block chain, as a representative technology of the “fourth industrial revolution”, is considered to be destabilizing for a number of industries and gradually supporting a whole new world – Web3.0. In a decentralised world, the Internet will undergo revolutionary changes. And, more importantly, the relationship between people and the Internet is being reshaped.
Web3.0究竟是什么？
What the hell is Web3.0?
久未露面的周星驰最近的动作引起广泛关注。他不但开通社交账号，还发布人才招募令，附言“在漆黑中找寻鲜明出众的Web3.0人才”，要求熟悉Web3.0，有项目管理经验，并表示自己会亲自挑选人才。这让“低调”发展中的Web3.0进入到更多人的视野中。
Not only did he open a social account, but he also issued a talent-recruiting order to “seek a visible Web 3.0 in the dark”, asking for familiarity with Web3.0, experience in project management, and an indication that he would personally select talent. This brought “low-key” Web3.0 into the eyes of more people.
Web3.0究竟是什么？网易区块链事业部总经理顾费勇给出了一种广为认可的定义，Web3.0是以区块链等技术为核心的下一代分布式的互联网形态，通过数字身份、智能合约等技术手段，将原有的生产关系进行重构，将数据所有权及控制权交还给生产者和使用者。
What is Web3.0? The Director-General of the Internet Block Chain Enterprise, Faiyong, has given a widely accepted definition of Web3.0 as the next-generation distributed form of the Internet, centred on technology such as block chains, which, through technical means such as digital identity, smart contracts, reconfigures existing production relationships and returns ownership and control of data to producers and users.
要想真正理解它，就要回到互联网本源。如果将互联网发展分成三个阶段，通俗而言Web1.0就是门户网站时代，用户上网最主要目的是阅读和了解信息，雅虎、新浪、搜狐、网易都是这一时代的代表。Web 2.0更为开放，用户可以在社交平台创造内容、实时互动，可读又可写，其代表是微博、公众号、抖音等。不过，由于数据之间难以共享，长此以往就容易出现“数据孤岛”和个人信息泄露。
If we divide the development of the Internet into three phases, web1.0 is the portal age, where users primarily aim to read and understand information, and Yahoo, new wave, search for foxes, and web access are representative of that age. Web 2.0 is more open, allowing users to create content, interact in real time, readable and writeable on social platforms, and representative of microblogging, public numbers, tremors, etc. However, because of the difficulty of sharing data, it has become easy for data to divulge in the past.
在我们当下所处的Web 2.0时代，虽然“人人都有麦克风”，但普通用户只是内容的生产者，话语权掌握在互联网企业手中。生产者能从劳动中获得收益，但评判规则、收益多少完全由互联网企业说了算。
In the Web 2.0 era in which we live, while “everyone has a microphone”, ordinary users are just producers of content, and the voice is in the hands of Internet companies. Producers get the benefits from their work, but the rules and the benefits are entirely in the hands of Internet companies.
正在推进的Web3.0则展现出一幅互联网生态全新的图景：用户的地位得到前所未有提升，不但充分享受内容生产的收益，而且参与制定平台规则。个人信息同样是用户掌控的数据资产，可以在流转和交易中取得收益，而非互联网免费资源。这一构想一旦实现，对互联网将是颠覆性的。因为用户的创作热情将被前所未有地激发，整个互联网经济的组织形式和商业模式都将实现全新的变化。
The moving Web3.0 presents an unprecedentedly new picture of the Internet's ecology: the status of users has been raised to fully benefit not only from content production, but also to participate in the development of platform rules. Personal information is also a data asset in the hands of users that can generate benefits in the flow and transaction, rather than free Internet resources. Once this idea is realized, it will be disruptive for the Internet. As the creative enthusiasm of users will be stimulated by unprecedented changes in the organization and business model of the Internet economy as a whole.
华鑫证券认为，Web1.0是过去，解决用户浏览内容的问题；Web2.0是现在，解决用户创造内容的问题；Web3.0是未来，将解决用户信息安全和内容所有权的问题。
According to the Chinese securities, Web1.0 is the past, resolving the problem of user access to content; Web 2.0 is the present, resolving the problem of user content creation; and Web3.0 is the future, addressing the issue of user information security and content ownership.
Web3.0的存在并非空中楼阁，要依赖技术实现，这背后的技术正是区块链。分布式记账等手段确保了去中心化理念的实现，不可篡改与独一无二使得确权成为可能。在区块链夯实基础下，互联网世界因多彩而精彩，NFT、元宇宙等全新的概念将绽放光芒。
The existence of Web3.0 is not in the air, and the technology behind it lies in the chain of blocks. Distributive bookkeeping, for example, ensures the realization of the concept of decentralisation, which cannot be altered and unique to make sure. Under the foundations of block chains, the Internet world is colored, and new concepts such as NFT, the meta-cosmos, etc. will shine.
如何从幻境照进现实？
How do you move from a fantasy to a reality?
Web3.0展现出诱人前景，那么它究竟如何才能从幻境照进现实呢？
Web3.0 shows attractive prospects, so how can it be translated into reality from a mirage?
“回顾历史，总是惊人地相似。”顾费勇说，过去在Web1.0诞生时刻所发生的互联网变革在某些方面和当下的Web3.0有很多相似之处。Web1.0是对前Web时代的线下业态的重构，让互联网概念深入人心，提升了全球信息传输的效率，降低了信息获取的门槛。Web3.0则是对现有Web2.0应用的重构，将真正实现互联网倡导的开放、平等和创新，人人都可以参与建设和发展。更令人期待的是，Web3.0将传承互联网核心理念，实现Web1.0、Web2.0中不能实现的蓝图，例如去中心化、真正公平的权益获得。
“Looking back at history, it's always amazingly similar.” Favory says that the past changes in the Internet at the birth of Web1.0 have many similarities in some respects with the current Web3.0. Web1.0 is a re-engineering of the industry under the former Web era, bringing the concept of the Internet to the heart, increasing the efficiency of global information transmission, and lowering the threshold of access to information. Web3.0 is a re-engineering of the current Web 2.0 application, which will truly bring about openness, equality and innovation in Internet advocacy, with everyone participating in construction and development. It is even more desirable that Web3.0 will transmit the core concepts of the Internet and realize the blueprints that web1.0 and Web 2.0 cannot achieve, such as centralization, real equity and access to rights.
以博客为例，在Web2.0世界，博文内容，以及关注、订阅等信息都存储在数据库里，推荐位、搜索排名等规则由平台定，一切由平台说了算。而在Web3.0中，借助区块链技术，将项目方、读者和创作者联系起来，创作者创作的内容会记录在区块链上确权并获得收益，读者阅读、收藏、搜索、订阅的相关内容也会记录在链上，博客项目方通过链上收益抽成获利。所有规则公开透明且不可篡改，同时还可开放并实现与其他社交平台的交互。
In the Web 2.0 world, for example, content is stored in databases, and rules such as references, search rankings, etc., are set by the platform. In Web3.0, with the help of block-chain technology, the project side, the reader and the creator are linked, and the content created by the creator is recorded in the chain of blocks, and the reader reads, collects, searches, and subscriptions are recorded in the chain, and the blogger project is profited through the chain. All rules are transparent and non-frozen, while they are open and interactive with other social platforms.
在Web3.0搭建的应用场景中，公众最熟悉的当属NFT和元宇宙。NFT意为非同质化代币。代币是依附于区块链，使用智能合约来进行账本记录的产物。诸如比特币算是同质化代币，每一枚之间没什么不同。NFT则是特例，它每一枚都与众不同，因而具有独特性。
In the Web3.0 scenario, the public is most familiar with NFTs and metacosystems. NFTs mean non-homogenous tokens. The tokens are products that depend on block chains, using smart contracts for accounting records. Bitcoins, for example, are homogenous tokens, each of which is no different. NFTs, for example, are unique and therefore unique.
“站在技术中立的角度，NFT能够成为赋能万物的‘价值机器’，连接现实世界资产和数字世界资产的桥梁，NFT将成为产业区块链的新载体。”《元宇宙》作者于佳宁说。
“In a technologically neutral perspective, NFT can become a `value machine' that empowers everything, a bridge that connects real and digital assets of the world, and NFT will become a new vehicle for the industrial block chain.” Janin, author of the meta-cosmos, says.
NFT为艺术品的价值确认提供了一种更为便捷的方式。它可以锚定现实世界中的任何商品，不局限于某一静态的传统作品，甚至可以是一条著名的社交平台信息。推特创始人之一的杰克·多西的首条推特“刚刚设置好我的推特”，就被铸造成NFT并公开拍卖。
NFT offers a more convenient way of recognizing the value of art. It can anchor any commodity in the real world, not just a static traditional work, but even a well-known social platform message. Jack Dossy, one of the founders of Twitter, “Just set my Twitter,” was cast to create NFT and auction it publicly.
NFT在开放的区块链分类账上注册，一件艺术品的流通全流程均可以记录在其中，溯源、鉴真就变得十分简单。NFT更使得艺术品的价值呈现方式多样化，创作者可获得更多收益，无须再通过平台作为中介出售。
NFT is registered in an open block chain ledger, in which the entire flow of an art can be recorded, and it becomes simple to trace and identify.
当然，简单且新鲜的艺术品生产方式也让投机炒作成为可能。一位印尼男子靠“创作”自己的自拍照制成NFT发行，“市值”竟高达近400万元人民币，其价值令人费解。投资NFT所需的数字货币因其投机性，已经被包括我国在内的多国禁止流通。
Of course, simple and fresh ways of producing art make speculation possible. An Indonesian man who “creates” his own picture as an NFT issue, with a “market value” of almost RMB 4 million, is inexplicable.
与NFT一脉相承，在虚幻的元宇宙世界，既有对人的身体机能的无限延伸，例如视觉、听觉的极大提升，飞奔乃至腾空飞跃；又有针对元宇宙土地、房屋等有限资源的炒作买卖。其炒作的依据同样是NFT，也就是一块土地的唯一性。在一些火爆的元宇宙平台，一块虚拟土地曾被炒出430万美元的天价。
Along with NFT, in the illustrious meta-cosmos world, there is an infinite extension of the human body, such as a great increase in vision, hearing, running and even flying; and a peddling of limited resources, such as meta-cosmos land, houses, etc., based on the same foundation as NFT, which is the sole nature of a piece of land. In some hot meta-cosmos platforms, a virtual piece of land was fired at $4.3 million a day.
正如电影《头号玩家》中营造的“绿洲”一样，剔除元宇宙世界的炒作成分，打破现实世界的不均衡、不平等，充分释放人类的天性，彰显个性与创造力，这样的元宇宙无疑令人期待。而且，元宇宙与现实世界相通，在元宇宙世界赚取的回报可以在现实世界消费，反之亦可。Web3.0所开启的，是真正意义上的互联网新世界的大门。
As with the “Oasis” created in the film First Player, it is no doubt desirable that the meta-cosm universe be removed from its composition, that the imbalance and inequality of the real world be broken, that the human nature be fully released, and that identity and creativity be highlighted. Moreover, the meta-cosmos is connected to the real world, and that the returns generated in the world of the meta-cosmos can be consumed in the real world, and vice versa. Web3.0 opens the door to a truly new world on the Internet.
Web3.0究竟还有多远？
How far is Web3.0?
周星驰招募熟悉Web3.0的人才，只是在不经意间揭开了冰山的一角。早已有不少机构投资者跃跃欲试，更有一些已付诸行动。
Zhou's recruitment of people familiar with Web3.0 opened the tip of the iceberg by surprise. A number of institutional investors have already stepped forward and some have been put into action.
2022年6月，国家级数字文创规范治理生态矩阵宣布成立，同期启动国家级版权交易保护联盟链。矩阵由新华网、上海文化产权交易所、中国国际文化交流中心、中国网络空间安全协会等倡议发起，150余家机构参与。其目标就是推动建立原创版权价值管理共同富裕体系，助力国家文化数字化战略等。该联盟链正是实现监管、保护和预警的抓手。
In June 2022, the National Digital Creation Regulatory Ecological Matrix was launched, and during the same period the national copyright trade union chain was launched. The matrix was launched by initiatives such as Xinhua Network, Shanghai Cultural Property Exchange, China’s International Cultural Exchange Centre, and China’s Cyberspace Safety Association, with the participation of more than 150 institutions.
据上海文化产权交易所相关负责人透露，依托国家级版权交易保护联盟链，矩阵将为全国数字版权、数字时尚、数字艺术、元宇宙数字知识产权等优质数字文创产品提供数字产权资产运营管理、数字权属确权、数字产权场景开发等服务。其中，上海文化产权交易所和中国作家协会权益保护办公室已经共建全国文学作品著作权数字化保护与开发平台，有上千位中国作家协会知名作家、近2000部优质作品在平台上链登记。
According to the relevant head of the Shanghai Cultural Property Exchange, relying on the National Union for the Protection of Copyright Transactions, the matrix will provide digital property asset management, digital tenure rights, digital domain rights, digital domain development, and other high-quality digital creation products such as digital copyrights, digital fashion, digital arts, meta-cosmos digital intellectual property rights. Among these, the Shanghai Cultural Property Exchange and the Office of the Chinese Writers’ Association for the Protection of Rights and Interests have jointly established a national platform for the digital protection and development of copyrights for literary works, with thousands of well-known writers from the Chinese Writers’ Association and nearly 2,000 high-quality works registered on the platform.
2022年9月底，上海宣布研发完成面向Web3.0技术的互联网操作系统。大量资本离开传统互联网，涌入Web3.0新赛道，其中不乏红杉资本、软银等传统投资基金，也包括谷歌、脸书、微软、三星等大型科技企业。腾讯、蚂蚁、华为等国内科技企业聚焦区块链等Web 3.0关键底层技术研发，业务方面以服务实体经济为主，同时聚焦数字藏品领域。
At the end of September 2022, Shanghai announced the completion of the development of an Internet-based operating system for Web3.0 technologies. Large amounts of capital were diverted from the traditional Internet to the Web 3.0 new track, including traditional investment funds such as redwood capital, soft and silver, as well as large technology firms such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Samsung. Web 3.0 key bottom technologies, such as tethers, ants, and the chain of focus of domestic technology enterprises such as Huasung, were developed and developed, with a focus on the economy of service entities, while focusing on the digital collection area.
腾讯最近发布了《全真互联白皮书》，进一步阐释此前提出的“全真互联”概念，并加大了研发与投资的力度。“全真互联”提出，在移动互联网的下一波升级中，将实现线上线下一体化，实体和电子方式融合。无论是从虚到实，还是由实入虚，都致力于帮助用户实现更真实的体验等。这与Web3.0之下的元宇宙世界不谋而合。
It has recently published the All-Friendly Interconnection White Paper, which further elaborates the previously proposed concept of “Friendly Interconnection” and strengthens research, development, and investment. “Friendly Interconnection” suggests that the next wave of the mobile Internet upgrade will bring about online-to-line integration, physical and electronic integration.
第三方信息分析机构高德纳（Gartner）今年发布的技术成熟度曲线分析报告显示，目前Web 3.0技术已经历了第一波创新高峰期，正在从“创新启动阶段”走向“创新泡沫阶段”，技术体系逐步成型，市场热度较高，创业投资活跃。据中国信息通信研究院统计，截至2022年6月，全球相关投融资总金额达约1600亿美元，投资机构主要分布在北美和欧洲。
According to an analysis of technology maturity curves released this year by the third-party information analysis agency Gartner, web 3.0 technology has now gone through its first wave of innovation peaks, moving from the “innovation start-up phase” to the “innovation bubble phase”, where technology systems have evolved, market heat is high, and entrepreneurial investments are active. According to China’s Institute of Information and Communications Research, the total amount of financing for related investments worldwide as of June 2022 was about $160 billion, with investment institutions mainly located in North America and Europe.
Web3.0的应用场景存在无限想象的空间，覆盖医疗、工业生产、教育、旅游、互动娱乐、电子商务等各种领域。不过，这并不意味着Web3.0能包治百病，也不意味着一蹴而就。当前，Web3.0依旧缺乏稳定成熟的商业模式，相关基础设施仍处于完善阶段。Web2.0的平台经济使得一些企业受到固有商业模式限制，Web3.0的发展或将影响到其既得利益，因此难以跳出舒适圈拥抱Web3.0，缺乏改造动力。
Web3.0 applications have unlimited room for imagination, covering areas such as medicine, industrial production, education, tourism, interactive entertainment, e-commerce, etc. This does not mean, however, that Web3.0 can cure all diseases, or that it does not mean a single moment. Web3.0 still lacks a stable and mature business model, and the related infrastructure is still at an advanced stage. The Web2.0 platform economy places a number of enterprises inherently limited business patterns, and the development of Web3.0 will affect its vested interests, making it difficult to jump out of comfort circles to embrace Web3.0 and lack the incentive to adapt.
华泰证券指出，Web 3.0仍处于“头部应用引领，小众用户参与”的早期阶段。展望未来，它需要通过创造真正的经济价值来证明自己，超越现有投机主导的生态，走上良性、健康的发展路径。因此，当下要做的是完善Web3.0底层基础设施，加快Web3.0应用场景建设，探索Web3.0在更多领域应用场景落地，赋能数字化转型以及经济的高质量发展。唯有如此，从幻境到现实再到两者真正融合的未来才不再遥远。
To look to the future, it needs to prove itself by creating real economic value, transcending existing speculatively dominated ecosystems, and embarking on a virtuous and healthy development path. So what is needed now is to improve the infrastructure at the bottom of Web3.0, accelerate the construction of Web3.0 applications, explore the application of Web3.0 in more areas, digitalize the transition, and the high-quality development of the economy.
来源：2022年12月28日出版的《环球》杂志 第26期
Source: Global Magazine, No. 26, December 28, 2022.
《环球》杂志授权使用，如需转载，请与本刊联系。
Universal magazine is authorized for use and should be reprinted, please contact the journal.
更多内容敬请关注《环球》杂志官方微博、微信：“环球杂志”。
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