有人说，21世纪头10年人类最伟大的发明，是比特币。也有人说比特币是近500年来，金融领域里最为伟大的创新之一。比特币的出现，已经不仅仅是颠覆金融领域，而是作为一种全新的、去中心化的社会交换价值管理系统，应用到各行各业。
Some say that the greatest invention of mankind in the first 10 years of the twenty-first century is Bitcoin. Others say that bitcoin is one of the greatest innovations in the financial field in nearly 500 years. Bitcoin has emerged not only as a destabilizing financial sector, but as a new, decentralized system of social exchange value management that is applied to all walks of life.
一个真实的例子，先让你感受下比特币的“威力”。2010年5月22日，一位名叫Laszlo Hanyecz的程序员，用1万枚比特币购买了两个披萨，到了今天，一万个比特币已经从当初的40美元涨到了7千多万美元，而如果按照2017年12月的比特币价格计算，将高达1.8亿美元！这就是整个人类社会，对比特币的价值最有力的表现。
On May 22, 2010, a programmer named Laszlo Hanyecz bought two pizzas with 10,000 bitcoins. Today, 10,000 bitcoins have risen from the original $40 to over $70 million, and would be as much as $180 million if calculated at the December 2017 Bitcoin price. This is the most powerful expression of the value of Bitcoin for the entire human society.
那么什么是比特币呢？首先要记住，比特币是一种建立在p2p和密码学基础上的电子货币。点对点的传输（p2p）意味着一个去中心化的支付系统，与大多数货币不同，比特币不依靠特定货币机构发行，它依据特定算法，通过大量的计算产生。而密码学用来确保货币流通各个环节安全性。
What is a bitcoin? First, remember that bitcoin is an electronic currency based on p2p and cryptography. The point-to-point transmission (p2p) means a decentralised payment system that, unlike most currencies, does not depend on a specific monetary institution for distribution, which is generated by a large number of calculations based on a particular algorithm.
记住这个概念，我们通过一个应用场景来具体了解比特币的奇妙之处：
Remembering this concept, we learned the wonders of Bitcoin through an application:
在一个小学二年级的班级上，王老师为了激励同学们努力学习，在每次考试后进行排名，前10名每次加三朵小红花，10~20名每次加1朵小红花，最后5名每次减去1朵小红花......小红花变动的情况由班长阳阳记录，小红花数量可以班级的书架里面兑换动画书或者漂亮文具。
In the second grade of a primary school, in order to motivate students to pursue their studies, Mr. Wang ranked after each examination, with the top 10 with three small red flowers, 10-20 with one small red flower, and the last 5 with one small red flower. The change in the small red flower is recorded by the class leader, Yangyang, and the number of small red flowers can be converted into animation books or beautiful stationery in the bookshelves of the class.
其实，现实生活中，银行的职责和班长阳阳的职责是一样的——都是记账（只不过阳阳记的是小红花，银行记的是钱）。发工资了，银行给你的账户上加5000块钱；买了一瓶洗发水减20元；存款一年加利息100元；转账就是在你账户上减1000，在对方账户上加1000......
In reality, the bank's duties are the same as those of the class leader Yang-yang - it's the bookkeeping (but it's the saffron and the bank's the money). Pay is paid, and the bank adds $5,000 to your account; buys a bottle of shampoo minus $20; deposits plus interest of $100 a year; transfers are reduced by 1000 on your account and by 1000 on the account of the other party...
银行与班长阳阳最大的不同在于，阳阳是免费为大家服务的，银行却要问我们收钱，办卡费、年费、转账费......看看银行有多少座高楼大厦、雇了多少员工，就知道银行收了我们多少钱了。
The biggest difference between a bank and a class leader, Yang Yang, who serves you free of charge, is that banks ask us how much money we charge, how much we charge, how much we pay, how much we pay, how many high-rise buildings and how many employees we hire.
但依靠班长阳阳记录的体系，不是很牢固（银行依靠政府干预），因为有同学为了能多换书籍和文具，开始自己制作小红花，小红花的增长数量已经超过了书架进货速度，最终导致同学们不再相信小红花了。
But it's not very solid to rely on the class leader's yang-yang recording system (the bank relies on government intervention), because students start making small saffrons themselves in order to be able to change books and stationery. Small saffrons have grown faster than bookcases, eventually causing them to stop believing in small flowers.
老师又想到了一个办法，不再用实物形式的小红花了，而是记账！每个同学都有一个属于自己的“小红花账本”，同时在班长那里设置“小红花总账”。当交易发生的时候，同学在班长的见证下，填写自己的账本。如果有同学想偷偷修改自己的账本，但是跟班长的总账对不上，就会发现问题。
The teacher came up with a way to move away from a small red flower in physical form, but instead to keep a check. Each student has his own “saffle account book” and has a “Saffron account” in his class chief's place. When a transaction takes place, the student fills in his own account book under the witness of the class leader. If a classmate tries to change his own account in secret, but it doesn't match the class leader's general account, the problem becomes clear.
这样的体系，就解决了同学们自己制作小红花的问题，然而好景不长，这个货币体系很快也崩溃了，因为突然有一天，有同学发现跟班长同桌的女生总是有用不完的小红花，至于为什么自己想哦（中心化机构发行货币的弊端）。
A system like this solves the problem of students making their own small saffrons, but the good news is not long, and the monetary system soon collapses, because one day, one of the 针对这种情况，老师再一次发挥聪明才智，具体如下： In response to this situation, teachers have once again taken advantage of their talents, as follows: 1）不再设立总账本； 1) no longer have a master record; 2）班里所有人共同维护一个账本，无论是否有变动，账本每10分钟更新一次，更新后要通知所有同学； 2) The owner of the class jointly maintains an account book, which is updated every 10 minutes, regardless of changes, and is updated to inform all students; 3）每天放学后，所有想记账的同学一起计算今天的交易，第一个算对的同学获得奖励。 3) Every day after school, all students who want to keep their books together calculate today's transactions, the first of them being rewarded. 4）在每天计算之后，一笔交易只有与绝大多数同学记录的一致，才能被承认。 (4) After daily calculation, a transaction can only be recognized if it is consistent with the records of the vast majority of students. 这样一来，有人要偷偷修改账本就很难了，他必须与全班同学的账本对账，只有绝大多数(超过半数)的同学账目能跟你对上(也许有个别同学记错账)，这笔交易才能得到认可。同时还调动了同学们计算账目的积极性，因为最早计算出来的同学有奖励。而这个模式，就是比特币存在的比特币系统。 So it's hard for someone to change the books secretly, and he has to reconcile the books of the entire class, and only if the vast majority (more than half) of them are able to match the accounts with you (perhaps there are individual classmates) will the deal be accepted. It also motivates the students to calculate the accounts, because the first ones to calculate are rewarded. and this model is the bitcoin system that exists in Bitcoin. 在这个场景中： In this scene: ① 账本上的小红花就是一种数字货币，相当于比特币。 1 Saffron on the books is a digital currency equivalent to bitcoin. ② 全班同学组成的网络就是一个p2p网络。每个同学就相当于一个节点。 2 The whole class network is a p2p network. Each student is equal to a node. ③ 同学+账本共同组成的系统就好比一个区域链。 3 A system of shared accounts is like a regional chain. ④ 不存在一个保存在班长那里的“小红花总账”，这就是去中心化。 4 There does not exist a small saffron ledger kept at the class leader, which is decentralised. ⑤ 最先计算出来的同学会得到奖励，这个就是挖矿。 5 First calculated reunions are rewarded, and this is mining. ⑥ 有个同学用计算器，算的比别人快，这个计算器就相当于矿机。 6 A student uses a calculator to calculate faster than anyone else, and this calculator is equivalent to a miner. ⑦ 如果同学的账本上面都不写自己的名字，而是用自己想的符号表示，这就是匿名性的体现。 7 If your classmate's books don't contain his own name, it's an expression of anonymity. 最初比特币是没什么价值的，只有他的发明者中本聪愿意挖矿。在中本聪默默的挖了100多万枚比特币之后，终于开始陆续有人加入到挖矿队伍中。再后来，一些实体店铺、网站等开始接受比特币支付，人们对比特币的需求量越来越大，比特币就越来越值钱了。 At first, Bitcoin was of little value, and only his inventors were willing to dig mines. After China’s silent excavation of more than a million bitcoins, people began to join the mining team. And then some real-estate shops, websites, etc. began to accept bitcoin payments, and the demand for bitcoins became more and more valuable. ------------手动分割线----------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 文章来源微信公号：币圈实操指南（ID：btczhinan），主要针对新手科普和实操教学，内容包括不限于比特币小白科普、炒币教程和投资技巧，欢迎围观。 The article is based on a micro-credit code: guide to the currency circle (ID:btczhinan) , which is aimed primarily at new hand and hands-on teaching, including not only bitcoin mini-white piping, pedagogy and investment techniques, and welcomes the browsing.
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