区块链在电力能源领域的应用

2019年12月19日，国网区块链公司组织召开第一届能源区块链生态大会，发布国家电网区块链技术应用十大场景和央企电商联盟链，积极探索推进区块链技术在电力能源行业的应用，并率先成立区块链专业公司——国网区块链科技有限公司，加快推进区块链核心关键技术研究、公共服务平台构建等工作，促进电网数字化转型发展。

On 19 December 2019, the National Network Block Chain Corporation organized the first Energy Block Chain Ecology Congress, which launched 10 scenarios for the application of the national grid block chain technology and the inter-business union chain, actively explored the application of block chain technology in the electricity energy sector and spearheaded the establishment of the National Network Block Chain Technology Ltd., a specialized block chain company, to accelerate the development of core critical technology research in the sector chain and the construction of public service platforms, and to facilitate the digital transformation of the grid.

近年来，区块链日益成为驱动行业技术创新和产业变革的重要技术力量。电力作为能源领域占比较大的板块，也在区块链技术进行了诸多尝试性的探索。

In recent years, block chains have increasingly become an important technological force driving technological innovation and industrial change in the industry. Electricity, as a large part of the energy sector, has also been the subject of a number of experimental explorations of block chain technology.

? 那么，电力能源领域有什么特点呢？

♪ So what are the characteristics of the power sector?

? 区块链技术应用于电力能源领域又有什么优势呢？电力是一种清洁高效、使用便捷安全、应用范围最为广泛的二次能源。它不仅可以方便地通过各种电器转化为声、光、热、力及电物理、电化学作用，还可以在导线中快速传输，在分配体系中无限划分。

What is the advantage of block-chain technology being applied to power sources? Electricity is a secondary energy source that is clean, efficient, easy to use, and has the widest range of applications. Not only can it easily be converted into sound, light, heat, power, and electro-physical, electro-chemical, but it can also be transmitted quickly in the conductor, divided indefinitely in the distribution system.

电力生产可以分为两大类：化石燃料生产电力和清洁能源生产电力。目前占主导地位的是化石燃料生产电力，特别是燃煤发电和燃气发电。当前再生能源生产的电力比例不高，但明显呈现逐年增长态势。

Electricity production can be divided into two main categories: fossil fuel production and clean energy production. It is now dominated by fossil fuel production, especially coal-fired and gas-fired electricity generation.

电力能源行业的痛点有以下几个：

The power and energy sectors suffer from the following pains:

? 一、当前电力传输损耗率高，企业融资难。

First, the current rate of power transmission losses is high and corporate financing is difficult.

? 二、行业规模庞大且资金量巨大，交易主体非常复杂，导致各环节之间的交易成本、结算成本高。

• Second, the large size of the industry and the large volume of funds, as well as the complexity of the subject matter of the transaction, lead to high transaction costs and high settlement costs between the various links.

三、因缺失有效的信用机制，导致能源行业数据共享利用率很低。

Third, the lack of effective credit mechanisms has led to low utilization of data-sharing in the energy sector.

? 电力能源互联网逐步从概念走向落地，其与区块链有较强的内在一致性，两者都建立在智能设备物联网的基础上，都强调去中心化、自治性、市场化、智能化，具体有分布共享、安全透明、智能合约、精准管理、个人授信、交易平台、降本增效等7个契合点。

The electricity energy Internet has gradually moved from a conceptualization to a landing, with strong internal consistency with the block chain, both based on a network of smart devices, with emphasis on decentralization, autonomy, marketization, intelligence, distribution, security transparency, smart contracts, precision management, individual letters, trading platforms, and seven points of convergence, among others, in terms of efficiency gains.

区块链在电力能源行业中主要有以下四个应用场景：

The block chain has four main applications in the electricity and energy industry:

? 一、点对点交易区块链技术相对较低的交易成本使较小的能源生产商能够出售多余的能源，从而提高竞争和电网运行效率。智能合约有助于实时协调太阳能电池板和其他发电装置的生产数据，并自动执行售卖交易，使电力能源能够在网络中便捷地双向流通。

First, the relatively low transaction costs of point-to-point block chain technology enable smaller energy producers to sell excess energy, thus increasing competition and grid efficiency. Smart contracts help to coordinate production data for solar panels and other power generation devices in real time, and automatically implement sales transactions that allow electricity to flow easily in both directions in the network.

二、电网管理和系统运行区块链技术使得电力网络更容易控制，作为智能合约将向系统发出信号何时启动特定交易，确保所有电源和存储流都受到控制以自动平衡供需。

Second, grid management and system operating block chain technology make the power network easier to control and, as an intelligent contract, will signal to the system when a particular transaction is initiated, ensuring that all power sources and storage streams are controlled to automatically balance supply and demand.

三、可再生能源证书管理目前，可再生能源证书的发放并不是基于实际发电量，而是基于对发电量的估算和预测。使用与智能合约配对的传感器可以减少不准确性，智能合约将数据记录到区块链分类账，并根据产生的实际能量发放或交易REC。

At present, renewable energy certificates are issued not on the basis of actual power generation, but on the basis of estimates and projections of electricity generation.

? 由于准确的数据可以立即在安全分类账上查看和操作，如此一来，中央机构就无需对数据进行核验，也不需要通过昂贵且准确性不高的方式来估算发电量。区块链可以大幅提升交易验证和数据索引的效率，以此降低REC监管机构的运行成本。

Since accurate data can be viewed and operated immediately on the security ledger, central authorities do not need to verify data or estimate power generation in a costly and less accurate way. Block chains can significantly improve the efficiency of transaction validation and data indexing, thereby reducing the operating costs for REC regulators.

四、电力交通区块链可协调电动汽车充电的平台，不需要任何集中的中介。对于充电桩运营商以及用户来说，区块链技术的接入实际上提供了一个信任机制，各方将有机会实现互联互通。

iv. The electrical transport block chain coordinates the platform for electric car charge, and does not require any centralized intermediaries. For charger operators and users, access to block chain technology actually provides a trust mechanism that provides opportunities for connectivity.

应用区块链之后，不仅可以实现共享充电桩，而且可以促进共建充电桩。

The application of block chains not only allows for the sharing of chargeposts, but also facilitates co-generation of chargeposts.

区块链在电力能源领域的应用探索是无止尽的，需要政府部门、电力能源企业方、区块链技术方等多方合作。相信在不久的将来，区块链的诸多优势将在不断的探索中最终助力电力能源领域实现创新发展。

The use of block chains in the field of electrical energy is endless and requires the cooperation of a wide range of government departments, electric power entrepreneurs, block chain technology, etc. It is believed that in the near future, many of the advantages of block chains will ultimately contribute to innovative development in the field of electricity energy in the context of ongoing exploration.

? 北航云南创新研究院数字经济研究中心

♪ Center for Digital Economics Studies of the North China Yunnan Innovation Institute