释义
interpretation
狭义来讲，区块链是一种按照时间顺序将数据区块以顺序相连的方式组合成的一种链式数据结构，并以密码学方式保证的不可篡改和不可伪造的分布式账本。广义来讲，区块链技术是利用块链式数据结构来验证与存储数据、利用分布式节点共识算法来生成和更新数据、利用密码学的方式保证数据传输和访问的安全、利用由自动化脚本代码组成的智能合约来编程和操作数据的一种全新的分布式基础架构与计算范式。
In a narrow sense, block chains are a chained data structure that sequences the data blocks sequentially, and secures non-defeating and non-false distributed accounts by cryptography. Broadly, block chain technology is a completely new distributional base structure and computational paradigm that uses block-chain data structures to validate and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, use cryptography to secure data transmission and access, and use smart contracts made up of automated script codes to program and operate data.
解读
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区块链，Blockchain，起源于开发者——中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）在其2008年所发表的技术论文《比特币：一种点对点电子现金系统》。从技术的结构上来看，区块链按时间顺序将数据块以链条的形式组合成特定的“链式”结构，并通过密码学等方式保证数据的不可篡改和不可伪造的去中心化的公开账本。区块链上的数据由所有节点共同维护，每个参与维护节点都能复制获得一份完整记录的拷贝，分布式地建立一套信任机制，保障系统内数据公开透明、可溯源和防止非法篡改。区块链目前最成功的应用是在金融领域，尤其是数字货币的发放和管理方面，区块链的火，在一定程度上与数字货币有关。
Block chains, Blockchain, originated with developers - the technical paper Satoshi Nakamoto published in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: a point-to-point electronic cash system. In terms of the structure of the technology, block chains combine data blocks in chronological order into specific “chain” structures in the form of chains and ensure, through cryptography, that data are indeterminable and non-forgerable in public accounts. The data on the block chain are maintained by all nodes, each participating in the maintenance node has a copy of a complete record, a distributed trust mechanism is established to guarantee open transparency, traceability and the prevention of illegal manipulation of data within the system. The most successful applications of the block chain are currently in the financial field, particularly in the distribution and management of digital money, and the fire of the block chain is, to some extent, related to digital money.
2018年8月31日，南京，中国软件产业博览会上苏宁云技术和区块链技术展台。供图/视觉中国
自2017年9月数字货币发放在我国被界定为非法融资行为以来，区块链技术与实体经济结合逐渐深入，成功应用不断涌现，各地政府陆续制定出支持区块链发展的相关政策。区块链依然被高度关注，突显了其价值和应用前景。区块链结合共识机制、非对称加密算法、分布式数据存储、P2P网络传输等计算机技术，创造出了一种全新的数据应用模式，被认为是继大型机、个人电脑、互联网之后计算模式的颠覆式创新。区块链技术或将引起一场新的技术革新、产业变革，并彻底改变人类社会的价值传递方式。一是推动新一代信息技术产业的发展。区块链作为一种全新的数据存储和传输模式，将为以大数据、云计算、物联网、人工智能等为代表的新一代信息技术的发展创造新机遇。
Since the issuance of digital money in September 2017, which has been defined as an act of illicit financing in our country, block-chain technology and the real economy have become increasingly integrated and successfully applied, and governments have developed policies to support the development of block-chain development. Block-chains continue to receive high attention, highlighting their value and application prospects. Block-chains, combined with computer technology such as consensus mechanisms, asymmetric encryption algorithms, distributed data storage, P2P network transmission, create a completely new model of data application, which is considered a subversive innovation in the model of large machines, personal computers, and post-Internet computing. Block-chain technology may lead to a new technological innovation, industrial change, and a radical change in the way human society transmits its values.
二是为经济社会转型升级提供技术支撑。随着区块链技术广泛应用在金融服务、供应链管理、智能制造、教育就业、社会公益、知识产权和文化娱乐等经济社会各领域，必将不断降低各行业的运营成本、提升多部门间的协同效率，为经济社会的转型升级提供系统化支撑。
The second is to provide technical support for the upgrading of economic and social transformations. With the widespread application of block-chain technologies in such economic and social areas as financial services, supply chain management, smart manufacturing, education and employment, social goods, intellectual property rights, and cultural entertainment, it is certain that the operational costs of industries will continue to be reduced, multisectoral synergies will be enhanced, and systemic support will be provided for the upgrading of economic and social transformations.
三是推动生产关系的变革。区块链的“网状协同”让点对点的价值交换和合作成本大幅降低，极大地推动分工的进一步细化，带动生产力的大发展。同时，区块链以技术的方式大幅降低信任成本，最终实现真正的供给侧改革。
Third, it promotes changes in productive relationships. “Network synergies” in block chains bring about a significant reduction in value exchange and cooperation costs for point-to-points, which greatly enhances the further refinement of the division of labour, leading to significant productivity gains.
四是构建新型价值互联网。区块链借助分布式记账技术，建立去中心化信任，实现互联网本质的更新升级，即由信息交换向价值交换的转变，开启新一代的价值互联网体系（Internet of Value），为资产数字化全面实现提供技术支撑。（刘权：赛迪区块链研究院院长）
The fourth is the construction of a new value Internet. The block chain uses distributed bookkeeping techniques to build decentralised trust and upgrade the essence of the Internet, i.e., the shift from information exchange to value exchange, the launch of a new generation of value Internet systems (Internet of Value) to provide technical support for the full digitalization of assets.
记事
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区块链作为2018年最为热门的技术之一，其可信的交互机制、去中心化使各行业将其视为新的风口，并进行积极探索。2018年基于区块链技术各行业都取得了一定的成绩，但是还有很多未完成的项目需要各大企业不断努力和创新。
As one of the most popular technologies in 2018, the block chain has a credible interactive mechanism, de-centralization, which allows industries to see it as a new niche, and to actively explore it. While sectors based on block chain technology have achieved some success in 2018, there are many unfinished projects that require continuous effort and innovation by major firms.
全国首张区块链电子发票诞生
the birth of the first electronic invoice in the country's block chain
2018年8月10日，全国首张区块链电子发票在深圳诞生。深圳国贸旋转餐厅开出了全国首张区块链电子发票，宣告深圳成为全国区块链电子发票首个试点城市，也意味着纳税服务正式进入区块链时代。区块链电子发票将连接每一个发票干系人，可以追溯发票的来源、真伪和入账等信息，解决发票流转过程中一票多报、虚报虚抵、真假难验等难题。
On August 10, 2018, the country’s first block chain electronic invoice was born in Shenzhen. The Shenzhen National Rotation Restaurant issued the country’s first block chain electronic invoice, declaring Shenzhen the first pilot city in the country’s block chain electronic invoice.
北京互联网法院运用区块链技术取证
Beijing Internet Court uses block chain technology to extract evidence
2018年9月9日，北京互联网法院挂牌成立。该法院运用区块链技术解决电子证据易变性、易改无痕等特点。在司法实践中，区块链一方面可以对当事人上传到电子诉讼平台的诉讼文件和证据进行存证，防止篡改，保障诉讼安全；另一方面可以对进行过区块链存证的诉讼证据进行验证，解决当事人取证难、认证难的问题。
On 9 September 2018, the Beijing Internet Court was inaugurated. The Court uses block-chain techniques to address the volatility of electronic evidence and its lack of traceability.
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