广深布局“区块链+金融”等行业

　　“十四五”规划纲要明确将区块链列为七大数字经济重点产业之一，为技术应用和产业发展提供源源不断的创新舞台，促使区块链技术人才需求加剧。作为智慧城市、元宇宙、数字货币等热门概念的基础支撑领域，区块链行业岗位需求情况如何?对从业者有哪些要求?薪资待遇怎样?南都大数据研究院从线上招聘平台采集梳理了过千条区块链相关招聘岗位数据，一览行业人才需求和产业现状。

The 14th Five-Year Plan explicitly lists the block chain as one of the seven key industries in the digital economy, providing a dynamic and innovative arena for technology applications and industrial development, and increasing the demand for block-chain skills. What is the demand for jobs in block-chain industries? What are the pay requirements for practitioners?

　　需求

Needs

　　实用技术类岗位占比近半

Practical technical category posts accounted for almost half of the total

　　谈及区块链，不少人会将它与比特币等虚拟货币联想到一起，事实上区块链不仅仅是虚拟币。广州市区块链产业协会秘书长任豪介绍，区块链是由包含交易信息的数据区块，依据密码学相互关联、有序连接的一种链式数据结构，具有公开透明、数据可信、隐私保护、安全可靠等技术优势，“作为一种前沿的数字技术，无论是智慧城市新基建，还是元宇宙，区块链都是基础和核心的支撑技术”。

When it comes to block chains, a lot of people think of them as virtual money, such as Bitcoin. In fact, block chains are not merely virtual currency. The Secretary-General of the Guangzhou Municipal Block Industry Association introduced that block chains are data blocks containing transactional information, a chained data structure that is linked by cryptography, with technical advantages such as transparency, data credibility, privacy protection, and security, “as a front-line digital technology, be it the new infrastructure of an intelligent city or the meta-cosm, the block chain is both a foundation and a core supporting technology.”

　　作为新兴产业，专门的区块链相关岗位设立时间并不长。2019年底，工信部人才交流中心发布《区块链产业人才岗位能力要求》，列出区块链核心研发岗位、实用技术岗位和行业应用岗位等3类人才，21个具体岗位的能力要求。2020年7月，人社部等三部门联合发布9个新职业，正式将“区块链工程技术人员”“区块链应用操作员”纳入国家职业分类大典。

At the end of 2019, the Trade and Communications Department's Talent Exchange Centre issued a "Competence Requirements for Skilled Persons in the Block Chain Industry" listing three categories of people in the core R & D, practical technical and industrial applications of the Block Chain, with 21 specific jobs. In July 2020, three departments, such as the Ministry of People's Welfare, jointly issued nine new jobs and officially integrated the "Technology Technicians in the Block Chains" "Applied Operators of the Block Chains" into the national classification of occupations.

　　今年4月，南都大数据研究院从智联招聘、前程无忧、BOSS直聘、国聘网等线上招聘平台采集1120个区块链相关招聘岗位数据。梳理发现，近期区块链行业对实用技术类人才需求较高，占比达48.8%；其次是行业应用类人才，占比38.5%；核心研发类人才需求占比12.7%。

In April of this year, the Nandu Institute of Data collected data on 1120 block-chain-related recruitments from online recruitment platforms such as the ICU, the future, the Boss, and the national network. Combination found that the recent block-chain industry had a high demand for skilled personnel in the technical field, at 48.8%; industry applications, at 38.5%; and core R & D, at 12.7%.

　　具体到典型岗位，应用开发工程师、行业产品经理招聘需求相对较高，占比均超15%。

In the case of typical jobs, the recruitment needs of application development engineers and industry product managers are relatively high, at an average rate of over 15 per cent.

　　按用人单位描述，应用开发工程师的职责主要包括立足具体业务需求，设计开发区块链上业务相关智能合约，与常见业务架构进行对接，并进行编程实现，以达成业务需求。行业产品经理则主要掌握区块链技术特点及行业实际需求，作为业务人员与技术人员之间的纽带，推动项目落地。

As described by the employer, the duties of the application development engineer include, inter alia, designing business-related smart contracts on the development block chain, docking with common business structures, and programming to meet business needs. Industry product managers, for their part, have mastered the technical characteristics of the block chain and the actual needs of the industry, serving as a link between business personnel and technical staff to facilitate project landing.

　　职责

Duty >

　　企业招聘重视算法相关技能

Enterprise recruitment focuses on algorithm-related skills

　　对招聘信息上提出的工作职责和任职要求进行分析，不难发现，相比起计算机、互联网领域其他岗位，区块链相关岗位对从业人员的技术要求更高，尤其是对算法相关技能更加重视。

An analysis of the job responsibilities and job requirements set out in the recruitment information shows that there are more technical requirements for practitioners in block-chain-related jobs than in computers and other Internet-related jobs, especially with regard to algorithm-related skills.

　　具体来看，核心研发类岗位需要将区块链前沿理论与计算机技术、实际算法相结合，设计并构建出满足实际需要的区块链底层平台，对技术能力的要求包括但不限于加密算法、网络通信协议、共识算法、数据结构、分布式账本、智能合约、共识算法和智能合约虚拟机等。

Specifically, core R & D-type jobs need to combine block chain frontier theory with computer technology, practical algorithms, and design and construct block chain bottom platforms that meet actual needs. Requirements for technical capacity include, but are not limited to, encryption algorithms, network communication protocols, consensus algorithms, data structures, distributed books, smart contracts, consensus algorithms and smart contract virtual machines.

　　实用技术类岗位对人才的综合能力也有较高要求，需要对区块链技术与应用两个方面都能有自己的理解，一方面，要能够理解与掌握区块链技术的基本概念和关键技能，另一方面，要能够结合特定应用场景，实现具体应用方案或构建区块链服务平台。

Functional technical jobs also require a high degree of integration of talent and require both a self-understanding of block chain technology and its application, on the one hand, to be able to understand and master the basic concepts and key skills of block chain technology and, on the other, to be able to combine specific application scenarios with building block chain service platforms.

　　行业应用类岗位是最贴近一线用户的岗位，要求人才能较快较好地熟悉应用场景，将区块链平台和行业需求相结合，开发出适合行业特点的具体方案，实现推进产业化落地应用。

Industry applications are the closest to first-line users, requiring people to become familiar with the application landscape more quickly and better, to combine block-chain platforms with industry needs, to develop specific programmes tailored to industry characteristics, and to move forward with industrialization.

　　薪酬

Remuneration

　　应届生岗位超七成月薪过万

Over 70% of the monthly salary of the incumbent.

　　区块链产业的高速发展，带动人才需求快速增长。中国移动通信联合会发布的《中国区块链产业人才需求与教育发展报告(2023年)》指出，区块链相关企业数量飞速攀升，各行各业对区块链人才的需求也呈现爆发式增长；当前全国区块链相关人才年需求量为48万人，按照区块链产业发展趋势，预计未来5年需求总量将达到280万人以上。

According to the China Mobile Communications Association’s report on the development of talent demand and education in the block chain industry (2023), the number of firms associated with the block chain has risen rapidly, and demand for block chain talent has increased in all sectors; the current annual demand for block chain-related talent is 480,000 people across the country, with a total demand expected to reach more than 2.8 million over the next five years, in line with trends in the block chain industry.

　　南都大数据研究院梳理发现，中小企业是区块链人才的招聘主力军。过半数区块链相关岗位招聘信息来自员工人数99人以下企业，100-499人企业招聘岗位数量占比27.38%，员工数量在10000人以上的行业巨头对区块链人才的招聘需求占比8.37%。

The data institute in Nandu found that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the main recruitment force for block-chain personnel.

　　薪酬方面，区块链相关岗位开出的薪酬都相对较高，即使是应届生或不限工作经验的岗位，也有超过七成岗位开出万元以上月薪。随着工作年限提升和经验增加，行业平均薪酬不断上涨。对于要求工作经验在5年以上的岗位，近两成岗位开出4万元以上月薪。

In terms of remuneration, jobs associated with the block chain are relatively well remunerated, and even those with permanent or unlimited work experience offer more than 70% of the monthly salary. Average wages in the industry are rising as the number of years of work and experience increases.

　　趋势

Trends

　　岗位向深圳等产业集聚地区集中

　　2021年5月，工信部、中央网信办联合印发《关于加快推动区块链技术应用和产业发展的指导意见》，提出到2025年，培育3～5家具有国际竞争力的骨干企业和一批创新引领型企业，打造3～5个区块链产业发展集聚区；到2030年，培育形成若干具有国际领先水平的企业和产业集群。2022年，中央网信办等十六部门联合公布15个综合性和164个特色领域国家区块链创新应用试点名单，深入开展区块链创新应用工作。

In May 2021, the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology and the Central Networking Office jointly issued a guide on accelerating the technological application of block chains and industrial development, proposing the development of three to five internationally competitive cadres and a group of innovative pilot enterprises by 2025 and the creation of three to five block-chain industrial development clusters; and the fostering of a number of internationally leading business and industrial clusters by 2030. In 2022, 16 departments, including the Central Networking Office, jointly published a list of 15 pilot projects for innovative applications of integrated and 164 sector-specific national block chains.

　　相关政策引导下，区块链相关岗位呈现向产业集聚地区集中的趋势。数据显示，位于北京的区块链相关招聘岗位数量最多，占比超两成；其次是深圳(13.8%)、上海(11.0%)；杭州、成都、广州的招聘岗位数量占比也超6%。

According to the data, the number of jobs in the block chain in Beijing is more than 20%, followed by Shenzhen (13.8%), Shanghai (11.0%) and Hangzhou, Chengdu and Guangzhou (6%).

　　南都大数据研究院留意到，这六座城市均有多个单位或地区被列入国家区块链创新应用特色领域试点名单。同时，北京海淀、上海静安、广州、杭州、成都为区块链创新应用综合性试点地区。

SDI noticed that each of the six cities is included in the list of pilot areas for innovative applications of the country’s block chain. At the same time, Haidian, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, and Chengdu are integrated pilot areas for innovative applications of the block chain.

　　不同城市在区块链应用场景布局上的侧重方向差异，对人才需求也有一定影响。以广州为例，当地形成“政府推动、企业集聚、规范应用、安全有序”的区块链产业发展模式，着力于把区块链技术与数字政府建设紧密结合。在产业生态构建的影响下，广州的区块链人才需求集中在互联网、大数据、进出口贸易等行业，且多为实用技术类岗位。

In Guangzhou, for example, a block-chain industry development model, “Government drive, enterprise gathering, regulatory application, and safe and orderly” focuses on linking block-chain technology to digital government building. With the impact of industrial ecological construction, the district-chain talent needs in Guangzhou are concentrated in the Internet, big data, export-import trade, etc., and are mostly in the technical and practical categories.

　　深圳在“区块链+制造”“区块链+能源”“区块链+法治”“区块链+税务服务”“区块链+版权”“区块链+股权市场”等多个领域均有单位或机构入选国家区块链创新应用试点名单。除了互联网行业外，深圳也有不少金融、通信、文化艺术类企业在招揽区块链人才。

Shenzhen has units or institutions on a pilot list of innovative applications of the country’s block chain in areas such as “block chains + manufacturing” “block chains + energy” “block chains + rule of law” “block chains + tax services” “block chains + copyright” and “block chains + equity markets.” In addition to the Internet industry, Shenzhen also has financial, communications, cultural and artistic enterprises that are recruiting talent in the chain.

　　南都调研　总第304期

Nandu Survey, No. 304

　　数据采集分析:李伟锋　实习生　黄子玮　蒋佳轩

Data collection analysis: Lee Weifer, intern, Huang Ziao, Chiang Jia-hyun

　　数据来源:智联招聘、前程无忧、BOSS直聘、国聘网

Source: JFJ recruitment, career-free, BOSS direct recruitment, national recruitment network.