例如，今天的比特币价格是6000美金，意思是说我花6000美金可以买到一个比特币。那我们要回答的问题是，到底什么是一个比特币，钱花出去了，我买到了什么东西呢?简单的答案是这样：比特币系统就是一个大账本，小明买到一个比特币，就是账本上记录了小明的地址上多了一个比特币。
For example, today's bitcoin is $6,000, which means that I can buy a bitcoin for $6,000. So the question we have to answer is, what's a bitcoin and the money is spent, and what do I buy? The simple answer is this: the bitcoin system is a big book, a bitcoin buys a bitcoin, an extra bitcoin on the account book.
要理解什么是一个比特币，我们要先把比特币系统说清楚。比特币系统，或者也可以简称为比特币，其实是一个网络。它是由分布在全球的成千上万的安装着比特币软件的计算机组成的。每个计算机上都保存了一份比特币区块链，而比特币区块链其实就是一个账本，上面记录了每个比特币地址下都有几个比特币。虽然机器很多，但是大家手中的区块链，或者说账本，内容都是一样的，由于共识机制的存在，凡是被恶意篡改过的账本，都会被网络淘汰。比特币可以说就是一个一旦写入，神仙都改不了的账本，也可以说比特币是一个绝对安全的数据库。
To understand what is a bitcoin, we have to explain the bitcoin system first. The bitcoin system, or even a bitcoin, is actually a network. It is made up of thousands of computers distributed globally with bitcoin software. Each computer has a bitcoin block chain, and the bitcoin block chain is actually an account book, which records a few bitcoins at every bitcoin address. Although there are many machines, the sector chain in everyone's hands, or the account book, is the same.
那这意味着什么呢?有了这个大家公认的账本，就可以进行价值的存储和转移了。比如账本上记录着小明有5个比特币，那么这一点就是全球人都公认的，如果这时候小明转给小红3个币，那么这个交易一旦记录进账本，也就成了大家都公认的事情。所以，比特币出现以后，互联网上的人们从此就可以不经过一个权威机构的监督，而完成价值的传递了。这一点是革命性的。 好，比特币系统就是一个大账本系统。上面记录了我有几个币，并且我还可以转账给别人。听起来不错，但是问题是：我是谁?我的币存在哪儿?这个就要说到比特币地址的概念。
What does that mean? With this generally recognized account book, you can store and transfer values. For example, there are five bits of bitcoins on the account book, which is universally accepted. If Ming transfers three bits of coins at this time, the transaction becomes recognized once it is recorded in the account book. So, when Bitcoin appears, people on the Internet can then complete the transfer of value without being supervised by an authority. This is revolutionary. Okay, the bitcoin system is a big account system. It records me in bitcoins, and I can transfer it to someone else. That sounds good, but the question is: Who am I? where my currency is? This is going to come up with the concept of a bitcoin address.
通过一定的方式，例如到 http://bitaddress.org 这个网站上，任何人都可以获得无限多个比特币地址。每次获得地址的时候，我们获得的不是一个字符串，而是两个。其中一个就是地址了，这个是可以公开给任何人的，另外一个就是这个地址对应的私钥了，私是私人或者私密的私，钥是钥匙的钥。如果你听说过非对称加密这个概念的话，地址相当于公钥，用于加密，而私钥是跟公钥唯一匹配的，用于解密经过公钥加密的信息。如果觉得这个不太好懂，没关系，那也可以这么理解：比特币地址相当于银行账户，私钥相当于密码。注意，在比特币系统里，你的真实身份是没人知道的，你是不是小明不重要，重要的是你有这个比特币地址对应的私钥，这样你就有权利动用里面的比特币了。
In some ways, for example, at http://bitaddress.org, anyone can get an unlimited number of bitcoin addresses. Every time we get an address, we get not a string, but two. One is the address, which is open to anyone, the other is the private key, private or private, and the key. If you have heard of the concept of asymmetric encryption, the address is the public key, and the private key is the only one that matches the public key, and the information that is encrypted by the public key. If it's not easy to understand, it's okay: the Bitcoin address is the bank account, the private key is the password. Note, in the Bitcoin system, your real identity is unknown.
理解了账本的概念，理解了账本的不可篡改和公开性，就能对比特币系统的基本运行方式有初步的理解了。
An understanding of the concept of a book of accounts and of its immutable and open nature would allow for a preliminary understanding of the basic mode of operation of the system.
接下来我们要深挖一层，聊一聊到底什么才是一个具体的比特币。这个过程中又有不少脑洞。中本聪论文上说：“我们把一个币定义为一个数字签名链”，也有人会告诉你，比特币余额是通过 UTXO 运算出来的，这些说法肯定是精确的，但是同时对新手不是特别好理解，所以下面我用白话来解释一下币的存在方式。
Next, we're going to dig into what's really a bitcoin. There's a lot of brain holes in this process. The Chinese paper says, "We define a currency as a digital signature chain," and someone will tell you that the bitcoin balance is calculated through UTXO, which is certainly accurate, but it's not very well understood about the newcomer, so I'm going to use white words to explain how the currency exists.
首先，有了比特币地址，大家就可以交易了。小明转给小红3个比特币，这个行为在比特币网络上就会形成一个交易。一个交易就是一条比特币网络上的实实在在的数据，比特币系统会把最近十分钟之内的所有交易存放到一个文件中，而这个文件就是区块链上最新的一个区块。 那么具体点，一个比特币到底是什么呢?答案可能有点出人意料。其实，世界上并没有一个东西叫做一个比特币。你可能会说，Peter，这个我知道，比特币不是看得见摸得着的硬币，是一串数字对吧?比特币是一种数字化的存在，这个不假，但是其实可能跟你的想象不一样，比特币的系统里面，还真的没有那么一串数就对应1个比特币的。所以说花了几万块，甚至也没有买到谁手里的一串数字。
First of all, with a bitcoin address, you can trade. Little Ming transferred three bitcoins to Little Red, which is a transaction on the Bitcoin network. One transaction is a real data on the Bitcoin network, and the Bitcoin system will store all transactions in the last 10 minutes into a document, which is the latest block in the block chain. So, what exactly is a bitcoin? The answer might be a little unexpected.
这些钱换来的，其实就是一次交易。卖方收到钱之后，会往我的地址中转入1个比特币。前面我们做过类比，说比特币地址就相当于银行账户，但是其实这个说法也有问题。专业人士会告诉你，比特币的世界里，没有账户，只有交易。例如，我的一个地址中显示我有3个币，其实3这个数字也不是直接存到地址里的，而是根据包含这个地址相关的交易运算出来的。具体来说，我的地址会跟别人的地址进行交易，其中有入账也有出账，每次的金额都会保存到一个个的交易中。通过我的地址，比特币系统就很容易获得所有跟这个地址相关的交易，并运算出这个地址中入账的金额比出账的金额大多少。
When the money is received, the seller transfers a bitcoin to my address. We've done an analogy, saying that the bitcoin address is equivalent to a bank account, but there is a problem with that. Professionals will tell you that there are no accounts in the world of bitcoin, but only transactions. For example, one of my addresses shows that I have three coins, which are not directly deposited in the address, but is based on transactions involving this address. Specifically, my address deals with someone else's address, some of which is recorded and accounted for, and every time the amount is kept in one transaction. Through my address, it is easy for the Bitcoin system to obtain all transactions related to the address and to account for the amount recorded in the address.
所以说，世上本没有币，有的只是交易，也就是转账记录。
So, there's no currency in the world, and there's only transactions, that's transfer records.
现在很多人理解比特币的价格，其实是有一定偏差的。反对者认为，比特币获取成本为零，所有的价格都是炒作上去的;某些支持者认为，比特币虽然成本为零，但它是颠覆性技术啊，颠覆性技术就应该大家支持，所以大家都买，于是就有了价值。但是其实这两种说法都不正确，因为比特币的获取不是没有成本的，而且成本很高。这个就要聊到挖矿了。
Many people now understand the price of bitcoin, which is somewhat biased. The opponents argue that bitcoin is acquired at zero cost, and that all prices are expensive; some proponents argue that bitcoin is a subversive technology, but it should be supported by everyone, so it is worth it. But neither is true, because bitcoin is acquired at no cost and is expensive. This is about mining.
我在2010年最早接触比特币的时候，看到挖矿这个概念，感觉很费电，所以对比特币的第一印象很不好。但是现在才明白，巨大的能源消耗，换句话说就是获取一个比特币所要付出的金钱消耗，才是保证比特币系统安全的唯一屏障。这个类似于其实宇宙中并不是没有黄金了，只是因为开采一克黄金的成本已经远高于一克黄金的价格了，所以才保证了黄金的稀缺性。
When I first touched Bitcoin in 2010, I saw the concept of mining, which feels expensive, so the first impression of Bitcoin is bad. But it is now clear that enormous energy consumption, in other words, is the only barrier to securing a bitcoin system. This is similar to the fact that there is no gold in the universe, only because the cost of extracting one gram of gold is far higher than the price of one gram of gold, which guarantees the scarcity of gold.
有人认为比特币是庞氏骗局，因为获取比特币是没有成本的。程序生成比特币的确没有成本，但是矿工获取比特币确实是有巨大成本的。例如比特币的价格如果是6000美金，那么其实挖矿的成本是和这个价值相当的，有时候会低于6000美金，但有时候也会高于6000美金，平均值大致约等于6000美金。为何会这样呢?因为比特币挖矿是无准入门槛的，也就是所有人都可以挖，那么如果挖到一个比特币的成本远远低于6000美金，就会有大量的人涌入挖矿领域，到时候比特币系统就会自动调整挖矿难度，造成挖出每一个比特币的电费成本上升，去趋近于比特币当前的市场价格，这是一个简单的经济规律了。
Some argue that bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme, because there is no cost to getting bitcoin. The process of generating bitcoin does not cost, but miners do cost bitcoin. For example, if the price of bitcoin is $6,000, then the cost of digging is actually equal to that value, sometimes less than $6,000, but sometimes more than $6,000, or an average of approximately $6,000. Why? Because bitcoin mining is a non-accessory threshold, that is, that everyone can dig, and if a bitcoin cost is far less than $6,000, there will be a huge influx of people into the mining field. By then, the Bitcoin system will automatically adjust the difficulty of digging, causing the cost of digging every bitcoin to rise, close to the current market price of bitcoin, which is a simple economic rule.
所以说比特币挖矿其实跟黄金挖矿类似，那就是确实有真金白银的成本，这个成本在市场上形成了比特币价格的一个支撑。所以当你买到一个币的时候，一定要知道，这个币其实也是别人花费了很大的经济消耗而获得的。
So bitcoin mining is actually similar to gold mining, which is the cost of real gold and silver, which underpins the price of bitcoin in the market. So when you buy a coin, you have to know that it is actually something that someone else spends a lot of money on.
最后来总结一下，一个比特币其实就是比特币大账本上的一个记录。但是账本上直接记录的只是交易。小明地址上的余额是通过所有跟这个地址相关的交易的入账金额减去出账金额得出的。最后聊了一下，挖一个比特币出来并不是没有成本的，这个特点在一定程度上给出了比特币价格的一个经济学角度的合理性。
In conclusion, a bitcoin is actually a record of a bitcoin in a big account book. But only transactions are recorded directly in the book. The balance on the address is calculated by subtracting the amount of the account from the amount of all transactions related to the address. Finally, it is not costless to dig out a bitcoin, a feature that gives some economic justification for bitcoin prices.
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论