制图：新华社记者 冯 琦
Cartography: Xinhua News Agency journalist von Qi
10月24日，中共中央政治局就区块链技术发展现状和趋势进行第十八次集体学习。习近平总书记强调，我们要把区块链作为核心技术自主创新的重要突破口，明确主攻方向，加大投入力度，着力攻克一批关键核心技术，加快推动区块链技术和产业创新发展。
On 24 October, the Central Political Office of the Communist Party of China conducted its eighteenth collective study on the current state of and trends in block chain technology. The Secretary-General of Xi emphasized that the block chain should be used as an important entry point for core and autonomous technological innovation, that it should be clearly defined, that it should invest more heavily, that it should focus on key core technologies, and that it should accelerate the development of block chain technology and industrial innovation.
区块链是种什么样的技术?它的重要作用体现在哪些方面?当前我国区块链技术处在何种水平，如何进一步安全有序地发展?记者采访了有关专家和业内人士。
What kind of technology is the block chain? What is its important role? At what level is the technical branch of the block chain in our country and how can it be further developed in a safe and orderly manner? Journalists interviewed relevant experts and practitioners.
什么是区块链技术
What's block chain technology?
去中心化的新型数据库、信任的机器……在网上搜索“区块链”，定义不一。究竟什么是区块链?区块链技术有什么用?
New types of databases, trust machines that are centralised search the blocks chain online, with different definitions. What is the block chain? What is the use of block chain technology?
“区块链是一种新型的底层的IT技术。”工信部信息化和软件服务业司司长谢少锋说，区块链用集成算法和技术的信任建立机制，改变了传统的依赖中心节点的信息验证模式。基于这种特性，人们可以构建在没有中介辅助下多个参与方之间的资产交易、价值传递的网络，通过建立执行智能合约，推动契约关系和规则的维护和履行，降低信用建立成本，营造良好市场环境。
“The block chain is a new type of bottom-of-the-ground IT technology.” The Director of the Division of Informatics and Software Services of the Department of Technology and Information Technology said that the block chain changed the traditional model of information validation that relies on central nodes, using integrated algorithms and technology confidence-building mechanisms. On the basis of this characteristic, one can build networks of asset transactions and value transfer between multiple players without mediation, promoting the maintenance and enforcement of contractual relationships and rules through the establishment of smart contracts, reducing credit-building costs and creating a good market environment.
专家介绍，区块链可以通俗地被理解为一个分布式的公共账本，这个账本由各个区块连成一个链条。在传统记账系统中，记账权掌握在中心服务器手中。而在区块链这个“账本”上，链条上的每一个点都能在上面记录信息，构成点对点的记账系统。因此，区块链技术被认为是一种去中心化的技术。
The experts explained that the block chain could be understood as a distributed public account book, which was linked to each block into a chain. In the traditional bookkeeping system, the rights to account were held by the central server. On the block chain, the “book”, each point of the chain was able to record information and form a point-to-point accounting system. Thus, the block chain technology was considered to be a decentralized technology.
比如，在一个100人的村庄，张三向李四买了一头牛，向他支付1万元。过去，他要依靠中间人赵六，才能将自己的1万元转给李四。而有了区块链系统，张三可以直接将自己的1万元记到李四的账本上，同时交易信息会传到全村，也就是整个区块链系统，使其他98个人也能看到信息。由系统记录整个交易过程，具有可溯源优势，防止赵六账本丢失或李四不认账等问题。
For example, in a 100-person village, Zhang San bought a cow from Li and paid him $10,000. In the past, he had to rely on an intermediary to transfer his $10,000 to Li IV. With a block chain system, Zhang San can directly record his $10,000 on Lee IV’s books, while the transaction information is transmitted to the village as a whole, the entire block chain system, so that 98 others can see the information.
更关键的是，由于以密码学的方法加密，区块链上的数据不能被篡改，保证了信息的可信度真实性。“区块链的核心功能是搭建信任机制。未来，价值的发布、传播等都可能由中心的节点变成每一个人。”有业内人士说。
What is even more crucial is that the data on the block chain cannot be tampered with by cryptography, which guarantees the credibility of the information. “The core function of the block chain is to build trust mechanisms. In the future, the distribution, dissemination, etc., of values can be transformed from the nodes of the centre to everyone.” According to practitioners.
国家互联网应急中心互联网金融安全技术重点实验室主任吴震表示，区块链技术的核心优势是系统中每一个信息，在网络里多个节点甚至每个节点都保存一遍。“任何节点自行修改数据将不被认可，整个网络因此形成了一张较为严密的大网。”
The director of the National Internet Emergency Response Centre's Internet Financial Security Technology Focus Laboratory, Wu Chien, said that the central advantage of block chain technology is that every information in the system is stored in multiple nodes, even in each node of the network. “Any node will not be accepted to modify the data itself, and the entire network will thus form a much more sophisticated network.”
我国区块链技术现状如何
What's the state of our block chain technology?
2016年，国务院发布《“十三五”国家信息化规划》提出，强化区块链等战略性前沿技术超前布局。这是区块链首次被作为战略性前沿技术被列入规划。此后，一些地方陆续出台推动区块链产业的政策，已有20多个省份布局区块链产业。
In 2016, the State Council published the 13th Five-Year National Informatization Plan, which states that strategic front-line technologies, such as the strengthening of block chains, are ahead of schedule. This is the first time the block chain has been included as a strategic front-line technology.
工信部信息化和软件服务业司有关负责人介绍，我国在区块链领域已具备一定技术产业发展基础。技术研发方面，骨干企业加大投入力度，加快突破关键核心技术，提升区块链性能、效率、安全性。标准化方面，全国区块链和分布式记账技术标准化委员会已获筹建，标准体系加快构建完善。产业生态方面，涵盖底层基础设施、应用基础平台、行业应用开发以及周边配套服务的产业链初步形成。
In the area of technology research and development, leading enterprises have stepped up their investment efforts to speed up progress in key core technologies and to improve the performance, efficiency and safety of block chains. In the area of standardization, the National Commission for Standardization of Block Chains and Distributed Accounts has been set up and the standard system has been improved.
目前，区块链技术已从数字资产向票据管理、产品溯源、存证取证、版权保护、数据共享、智能制造等诸多领域延伸拓展。“随着经济活动日益深入，一些重要的电子数据如电子合同等需要第三方存证，采用区块链技术就是一个确保存证效力的较好方案。”吴震介绍，电子存证是区块链一个比较成熟的应用领域。
At present, block chain technology extends from digital asset management to product traceability, forensics, copyright protection, data sharing, and intelligent manufacturing. “As economic activity deepens, important electronic data, such as electronic contracts, require third-party authentication, and the adoption of block chain technology is a better option to ensure its effectiveness.” Wu Chiu describes electronic record-keeping as a more mature application of the block chain.
在民生领域，“区块链+”也有探索空间。比如，办理政务时使用区块链技术实现身份信息数据共享，能节省重复填写个人信息的时间，业务办理将更加便捷。在食品安全领域，借助可溯源、不可篡改技术，可从食品材料源头搭建一套区块链技术体系及运营方案。在宁夏中宁，通过区块链技术连接物联网设备，国内某保险公司的产险实现全产业链溯源管理，实时了解枸杞全生长周期状态，为每一片枸杞田地建立线上生产日志，记录操作人员栽植、灌溉、施肥、修剪、采摘等生产加工过程。
In the area of food security, a technical system of block chains and operational programmes can be built from the sources of food materials. In mid-Ning summer, the whole industry chain retroactive management is achieved through the networking of block-links, the risk of production in a domestic insurance company, real-time knowledge of the full growth cycle, the establishment of production logs on the line for each field, and documentation of production processes such as planting, irrigation, fertilizering, cutting, extraction, etc.
“我们在大数据运营实践中，数据安全、隐私保护、数据确权、数据资产化和数据交易等都需要区块链技术支撑。”国内一家知名云计算、大数据服务商有关负责人介绍，该公司从2016年开始探索研究区块链技术，并基于区块链建立“数据铁笼(IDS)”，保障授权数据使用安全。
“In our big data practice, data security, privacy protection, data validation, data asset capitalization and data trading all need to be supported by block chain technology.” The head of a well-known national cloud computing, big data service provider introduced the company's exploration of block chain technology starting in 2016 and the creation of a data cage (IDS) based on block chains to guarantee the security of authorized data use.
区块链技术未来怎样发展
What's the future of block chain technology for ?
虽然已经开始探索区块链在物联网、智能制造等领域的应用落地，但总体看，由于涉及场景较为复杂，落地模式还不够清晰，区块链在实体经济领域的应用还处于起步阶段，还须完善技术，找准应用场景，解决工程实施等现实难题。
While work has begun to explore the location of block chains in areas such as physical networking, intelligent manufacturing, etc., in general, owing to the complexity of the scenarios involved and the lack of clarity of the landing pattern, the application of block chains in the real economy is still at an initial stage, and there is a need to refine technology, find quasi-application scenarios, and address practical challenges such as engineering implementation.
工信部信息化和软件服务业司有关负责人表示，将着力于推动区块链和工业互联网的融合发展，推动制造业加快数字化转型步伐;推动区块链和大数据的融合发展，利用区块链技术探索数字经济模式创新;把区块链作为核心技术自主创新的重要突破口，着力推动区块链技术产业创新发展，带动软件和信息技术服务业做大做强;促进产融结合，引导资本赋能实体经济，促进大中小企业融通发展。
The Officer-in-Charge of the Informationization and Software Services Division of the Ministry of Industry and Communications stated that efforts would be made to promote the integration of block chains and the industrial Internet, to accelerate the digital transformation of manufacturing; to promote the integration of block chains and large data, to explore digital economy models using block chain technology; to promote the development of block chains as an important entry point for core technological innovation; to promote technological innovation in the sector chains, and to promote the strengthening of software and information technology services; and to promote the integration of the capital-enabling real economy and the inclusive development of large and medium-sized enterprises.
值得注意的是，在区块链的一些应用中，所有交易数据都是公开透明的。因此，信息隐私如何保障，是区块链发展须解决的课题。专家建议，要加强对区块链技术的引导和规范，加强对区块链安全风险的研究和分析，探索建立适应区块链技术机制的安全保障体系，推动区块链安全有序发展。
It is worth noting that all transactional data are open and transparent in some applications of the block chain. Therefore, how privacy of information is guaranteed is an issue that needs to be addressed in the development of the block chain. The experts suggest that guidance and regulation of block chain technology be strengthened, that research and analysis of the security risks of the block chain be strengthened, and that a system of security be explored for the establishment of technical mechanisms adapted to the block chain to facilitate the safe and orderly development of the block chain.
业内人士认为，不断加强基础技术理论的研究和突破，区块链才能安全、可靠、持续的发展与应用;不断完善基础支撑设施，区块链应用的落地才能有序健康。一方面，要加强相关基础技术理论的研究，例如与区块链性能和安全相关的共识算法、与数据隐私相关的零知识证明等密码算法;另一方面，需加快完善基础支撑设施的建设，如区块链行业公共网络、分布式数字身份体系等。
On the one hand, research on basic technological theory, such as consensus algorithms related to the performance and security of block chains, proof of zero knowledge related to data privacy, and on the other hand, the construction of basic support facilities, such as public networks in the sector, distributed digital identity systems, need to be accelerated.
北京大学(天津滨海)新一代信息技术研究院金融科技研究中心主任董宁认为，要重视区块链技术的标准并加以推广。“建议在区块链技术产业落地过程中，让更多企业参与行业应用标准化研究，进而形成国家和国际标准，提升我国在该领域国际话语权和规则制定权。”
Dong Ning, Director of the Centre for Financial Science and Technology Studies of the New Generation Institute of Information Technology of Beijing University (Tianjin Beach), expressed the view that the criteria for block-chain technology should be taken into account and promoted. “It is recommended that more enterprises should be involved in the application of standardized research in the industry in the process of landing the block-chain technology industry, leading to the development of national and international standards to enhance the country's right to international discourse and rule-making in this area.”
本报记者 喻思南 王 政 韩 鑫
And the reporter of this newspaper speaks of the king of the south, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king, and of the king,
《人民日报》( 2019年10月30日 02 版)
People's Daily (30 October 2019)
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论