从字面上看，块是加密货币和区块链技术的构建块。通过了解它们的运作方式，您可以开始更好地理解加密行业的基础，甚至是加密社区某些部分之间讨论的一些争议。
Literally, blocks are the building blocks of encryption money and block chain technology. By understanding how they work, you can begin to better understand the foundations of the encryption industry, even some of the disputes that are discussed in some parts of the encryption community.
继续我们针对初学者和经验丰富的交易者的重要加密术语系列，本指南提供了对块的介绍。
This guide provides an introduction to blocks, continuing with our series of key encrypted terms for starters and experienced traders.
块是信息的数字包。当我们谈论像比特币和以太坊这样的加密货币时，我们可以将区块简单地看作是一捆交易。
Blocks are digital packages of information. When we talk about encrypted currencies like bitcoin and Etherno, we can simply see blocks as a bundle of transactions.
每个块都用作包含可用于审核网络的相关信息的记录。由于存储在块中的公开可用和永久记录的信息，网络可以通过内部共识机制和任何选择这样做的外部观察者进行检查。
Each block is used as a record of relevant information that can be used to audit the network. Because of publicly available and permanently recorded information stored in the block, the network can be checked through an internal consensus mechanism and any external observer who chooses to do so.
对于比特币和大多数流行的加密货币，每个区块都会存储区块的大小、创建时间以及有关交易的信息，例如发送者和接收者的公钥以及涉及的加密货币数量。每个区块还包含“矿工”试图求解的数学方程式的答案——更多内容将在我们的下一篇文章中介绍。
For bitcoin and most popular encrypted currencies, each block stores the size of the block, the time it was created and the information about the transaction, such as the public key of the sender and the recipient, and the number of encrypted currencies involved. Each block also contains the answer to the mathematical equation that the Miner is trying to solve — much more in our next article.
至关重要的是，每个块还包含将其与之前的块联系起来的信息。为了获得去中心化系统的正式认可，必须以正确的顺序引入区块。如果有任何尝试乱序验证块，它将被网络击落。这有助于防止对网络完整性的恶意或无意破坏，并且是术语“区块链”的“链”部分的起源——每个新块都与每个先前的块相关联。
It is essential that each block also contains information that links it to the previous block. In order to obtain formal endorsement of the decentralised system, blocks must be introduced in the correct order. If any attempt is made to sequence the block, it will be shot down by the network. This helps to prevent malicious or unintentional damage to the integrity of the network, and is the origin of the “chain” part of the term “block chain” — each new block is linked to each previous block.
构成区块链的交易的相互关联、公开可用的性质是推动加密货币运动和基于该技术的一系列其他近期创新的价值。
The interrelated and publicly available nature of the transactions forming the block chain is the value of driving the encrypt currency movement and a range of other recent innovations based on the technology.
早在 2008 年的一份白皮书中就首次概述了区块链技术。它被认为是一种允许第一种加密货币比特币既可以作为一种安全支付方式又可以透明化的方式，而无需中介机构或中央机构.
For the first time in a 2008 white paper, block chain technology was outlined. It was seen as a way of allowing the first encrypted currency, bitcoin, to be both safe and transparent, without the need for intermediaries or central agencies.
在区块链上存储信息的美妙之处在于，它允许网络永久记录自创建以来发生的所有事情的历史。这引入了一种“无需信任”的信息交换，因为用户不必相信参与网络的其他成员是诚信经营的。相反，他们可以简单地自己检查。区块链上发生的每一笔交易都是公开可见的，你可以很容易地看到哪些“账户”（又名公钥）参与了交易。此外，记录在已被网络批准的区块中的任何信息几乎不可能更改，尤其是随着区块链的增长以及区块的信息与越来越多的后续区块相关联。
The beauty of storing information on the block chain is that it allows the network to record permanently the history of everything that has happened since it was created. This introduces an exchange of information “without trust” because users need not believe that other members involved in the network operate in good faith. On the contrary, they can simply check themselves. Every transaction on the block chain is publicly visible, and you can easily see which accounts (also known as public keys) are involved in the transaction. Moreover, it is almost impossible to change any information recorded in the block that has been approved by the network, especially as the chain grows and the information on the block is linked to an increasing number of subsequent blocks.
区块的一个鲜为人知的特性是，它们以与存储交易相同的方式，也可以存储永久且不可审查的消息。这绝不是它们的主要功能之一，但它确实有助于证明能够永久记录信息所带来的力量。
A little-known feature of blocks is that they can store messages that are permanent and uncensored in the same way as storage transactions. This is by no means one of their main functions, but it does help to prove that the power of information can be recorded permanently.
通过将文本放入块中的各种数据字段，可以留下永远不会被审查或删除的纯文本消息。例如，在公共比特币区块浏览器上搜索“结婚”一词会出现几个求婚结果，这些求婚将永远在比特币区块链上永垂不朽。
By placing the text in the field of data, you can leave a message of pure text that will never be censored or deleted. For example, searching the public bitcoin block browser for the word “marry” will result in several proposals for marriage, which will remain in the chain of bitcoin blocks forever.
更好的是，除了使网络记录不可变和透明之外，信息在区块链上的存储方式也使网络本身几乎不可能关闭。例如，比特币网络的参与者可以下载整个区块链的完整副本——称为“完整节点”。由于大量用户正在运行来自世界各地的全节点，因此不存在单点故障。如果政府想要关闭比特币，他们将不得不一个一个地找到全球的每个用户，并让他们停止运行这些节点。即便如此，如果有人简单地分发其区块链的最新副本，比特币网络也很容易重新出现。
Better still, in addition to making network records immutable and transparent, the way in which information is stored on block chains makes it almost impossible for the network to shut down itself. For example, participants in the Bitcoin network can download a complete copy of the entire block chain, known as the “complete nodes”. Since a large number of users are running full nodes from around the world, there is no single problem. If the government wants to shut down bitcoins, they will have to find every user on the globe one by one and make them stop running those nodes. Even so, if someone simply distributes the latest copies of their block nodes, the Bitcoin network can easily reappear.
将信息存储在块中和区块链上的主要缺点是，按照现代数据存储标准，这样做会非常耗费资源。目前，比特币区块链的文件大小超过353.8 GB，每个区块目前平均大小约为1 MB，每天进行大量交易。目前估计有13,000 个比特币节点在运行，每个节点都托管并定期更新自己的这个庞大文件的副本。
The main disadvantage of storing information in the block and block chains is that it can be very resource-intensive according to modern data storage standards. Currently, the size of the bitcoin block chain exceeds 353.8 GB, with each block currently averaged about 1 MB, with a large volume of transactions per day. There are currently an estimated 13,000 Bitcoins nodes in operation, each node hosting and regularly updating a copy of this huge file.
如果将其与银行等集中式网络进行比较，交易信息仅存储在一个地方（尽管服务器非常大并且可能有少量备份），区块链需要更多资源来维护。因此，虽然它们更健壮并且不受集中控制或单点故障的影响，但从设计上讲，区块链要冗余得多。
If it is compared to a centralized network such as a bank, the transaction information is stored only in one place (although the server is very large and may have a small backup), the block chain requires more resources to maintain. Thus, while they are stronger and are not affected by centralized controls or single-point malfunctions, they are designed to be much redundant.
当区块链处于活跃期时，确认区块开始需要更长的时间。因此，发送交易的速度可能会减慢，而与此相关的成本可能会飙升。已经有一些关于如何加速区块链交易的建议，例如增加每个区块的大小，但特别是在比特币极简主义者中，这些建议经常引起争议，因为它们直接影响网络运行的基本方式。
When the block chain is active, it takes longer to confirm that the block starts. As a result, the speed of sending transactions may slow down, and the associated costs may surge. There are already some suggestions on how to speed up the block chain transactions, for example, by increasing the size of each block, but these are often controversial, especially among bitcoin extremes, as they directly affect the basic ways in which the network operates.
最终，块提供了一种创造性的解决方案，以支持分散加密货币存在的方式存储有关交易的信息。它们启用了一个系统，在这个系统中，内部机制和外部观察者都可以验证在网络上执行的每个操作都是合法的。自从区块链技术于 2008 年首次被提议作为比特币的基石以来，它已经在其他领域的各种用例中发挥了自己的作用。这些用途包括但不限于医疗保健、房地产、虚拟收藏品、供应链管理、物联网和金融技术。
Ultimately, the block provides an innovative solution for storing information about transactions in a way that supports the spread of encrypted currency presence. They have launched a system in which both internal mechanisms and external observers can verify that every operation performed on the network is legal. Since 2008, when block chain technology was first proposed as the cornerstone of Bitcoin, it has played its part in a variety of other areas. These uses include, but are not limited to, health care, real estate, virtual collections, supply chain management, physical networking and financial technology.
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