香港虚拟货币交易所拟“持牌经营”引发的蝴蝶效应仍在蔓延。
The butterflies effect of the Hong Kong Virtual Currency Exchange's proposed “card-holding” continues to spread.
11月3日晚，香港财库局发布一份立法咨询文件，建议在香港建立虚拟资产交易所的发牌制度，以巩固香港打击洗钱和恐怖分子资金筹集制度的法律制度。
On the evening of 3 November, the Hong Kong Treasury issued a legislative advisory paper recommending the establishment of a virtual asset exchange licensing system in Hong Kong to consolidate the Hong Kong legal regime for combating money-laundering and terrorist fund-raising.
11月4日，数字美元官网发布的白皮书称，美元的法定数字货币即将推出，全球货币将进入以区块链为底层的数字化时代。
On 4 November, the White Paper issued by the Digital dollar Network stated that the United States dollar was about to be introduced and that the global currency would enter a digital era at the bottom of the block chain.
区块链最大的特点就是极度透明，货币上链后，人们将难以获取非法收入。市场因此呼吁保障合规的交易所，为虚拟资产交易所“赋权”，以此来遏止洗钱等非法交易。
The greatest feature of the block chain is the extreme transparency that makes it difficult for people to obtain illegal income when money is in the upper chain. The market therefore calls for an exchange that guarantees compliance and “empoweres” the virtual asset exchange to curb illicit transactions, such as money-laundering.
而对于区块链技术带来的种种风险，中国内地的交易所早有预见，且已未雨绸缪。
For the risks posed by block chain technology, exchanges in the Mainland have long been foreseen and proactive.
火币便是其中典型代表，其业务以区块链技术研究开发和产业区块链落地应用为主，并拥有亚洲排名第一的黑地址库，长期配合中国公安机关的反洗钱、反诈骗行动提供线索和数据。
A typical example of this is the gun price, which operates primarily in block-chain technical research and development and industrial block landing applications, and has the largest black address bank in Asia, providing clues and data for long-term cooperation with anti-money-laundering and anti-fraud operations by Chinese public security organs.
机构资金大举入场比特币
The agency's money is in bitcoin.
比特币价格仍在上涨。
Bitcoin prices are still rising.
截至今年11月，比特币已成立12年，而其价格已超过15000美元，市值超2000亿美元。同样的记录，连锁商超巨头沃尔玛用了37年，“宇宙行”中国工商银行用了22年。
By November of this year, Bitcoin had been established for 12 years, at a price of more than $15,000 and a market value of more than $200 billion. Similarly, Wal-Mart, a chained firm, has been in existence for 37 years, and the “Cosmos” Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry has been in existence for 22 years.
这仅仅是市场狂欢的开始。在不少业内人士看来，此次比特币很有可能冲击历史最高点2万美元。
This is just the beginning of a market carnival. According to many insiders, Bitcoin is likely to hit an all-time high of $20,000.
此次的比特币牛市意义不同以往。全球疫情肆虐，货币贬值成为大趋势，而比特币不仅有去中心化、匿名性、全球交易的优势，还具备比黄金更优越的保值属性，因而获热捧。
This time, the city of Bitcoin has a different meaning than ever before. The global epidemic, with currency depreciation, has become a big trend, while bitcoin has the advantage not only of decentralization, anonymity, global trading, but also of a higher value-serving attribute than gold.
以非洲尼日利亚为例，该国从事外贸的商人开始使用比特币结算。由于今年尼日利亚依赖石油的经济受到低油价和疫情的双重打击，该国央行今年已两次将奈拉贬值，导致从事外贸的商人需要以更高价格购买美元，促使许多人转向支付更为便捷的比特币。
In Africa, Nigeria, for example, traders in foreign trade started using bitcoin to settle. As Nigeria’s oil-dependent economy was hit twice this year by low oil prices and the epidemic, the country’s central bank devalued Naira twice this year, leading to a need for traders in foreign trade to buy dollars at higher prices, prompting many people to turn to paying better bitcoins.
事实上，不光是非洲，中东地区等整个“一带一路”的相关国家，都面临着跨境支付的难题。
Indeed, not only in Africa, but also in the Middle East, the countries concerned — all along the road — face the challenge of cross-border payments.
需求暴增的背景下，美国金融机构以及支付平台开始大举进入比特币市场——掌握了比特币定价权则意味着全球市场话语权。
Against the backdrop of the surge in demand, United States financial institutions and payment platforms have begun to gain significant access to the Bitcoin market — taking advantage of the Bitcoin pricing power means global market voice.
11月8日，摩根大通发表研报指出，比特币正在蚕食对黄金ETF的需求。家族理财室等机构投资者将比特币视为黄金的数字替代品，而黄金曾是避险天堂。对Grayscale旗下比特币信托的需求也超过了所有黄金ETF的需求总和。
On November 8, Morgan Chase published a study stating that Bitcoin was encroaching on the demand for gold ETFs. Institutional investors, such as the family treasury, treated Bitcoins as a digital substitute for gold, which was once a safe haven.
过度监管是不可承受之重？
Overregulation is an unaffordable priority?
比特币持续高涨的币价带动了市场的火热，相反的却是比特币交易所的残酷严冬。
The continued high prices of bitcoin fuel the heat of the market and, on the contrary, the harsh winter of the Bitcoin exchange.
据数字资产可视化追踪平台 CoinHolmes 反洗钱态势感知平台观察发现，目前各大数字资产交易所目前面临着较大的反洗钱压力，不仅存在涉恐地址污染，还有包括资金盘地址、暗网地址、赌博地址等多种高风险地址均和交易所存在交互行为。2020年10月，各大交易所共计流入“可疑资产”10.24万个比特币，合计14.64亿美元。
According to observations of the Digital Asset Visualization Tracking Platform, Coin Holmes Anti-Money Laundering Situational Awareness Platform, major digital asset exchanges are currently under considerable anti-money-laundering pressure, not only for fear of address contamination, but also for interaction between multiple high-risk addresses, including funds tray addresses, dark network addresses, gambling addresses, etc. In October 2020, major exchanges entered a total of 1,024,000 bitcoins of “suspicious assets” totalling $1,464 million.
由于比特币去中心化、全球交易、匿名性的特点，执法机构一直难以对其中的“灰色交易”合理监管。于是，我国监管层对虚拟货币交易所“一刀切”，以遏止非法交易。
Because of the centralization of Bitcoin, global transactions, and anonymity, it has been difficult for law enforcement agencies to properly regulate the “grey transactions” in them. So, at our regulatory level, the virtual currency exchange is “one-size-fits-all” in order to curb illicit transactions.
2013年，中国内地全面禁止虚拟资产平台在地注册运营；2017年9月七部委《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》将代币发行融资活动定义为非法。
In 2013, there was a total ban on the registration of virtual asset platforms in China and China; in September 2017, seven ministerial bulletins on protection against the risk of financing the issuance of tokens defined the financing of the issuance of coins as illegal.
然而，交易所基础功能的丧失，不仅意味着虚拟货币议价权削弱，也造成了以比特币为基础的整个数字经济体系的掣肘。毕竟，交易所是数字资产流动性的重要保障，也是区块链技术和产业创新发展的基础。
However, the loss of the basic function of the exchange means not only a weakening of virtual currency bargaining, but also a constraint on the entire digital economy based on bitcoin. After all, the exchange is an important guarantee of the mobility of digital assets and a basis for technological and industrial innovation in the chain.
“产业区块链和数字资产其实是数字经济的一体两面，不能以‘有币’和‘无币’做界限，如果强行将其割裂，即使政策对产业方面给予再大支持，还是会限制区块链技术的应用发展空间。”有市场人士表示。
“Industrial block chains and digital assets are, in fact, two sides of the digital economy, and cannot be defined in terms of `currency' and `currencyless', and if they are forcibly cut apart, even if the policy gives greater industrial support, they limit the space for the application of block chain technology.” According to marketers.
更为雪上加霜的是，由于数字资产发行平台和交易平台关停，不少交易者选择代投和场外交易，本质上个人用户仍在参与ICO投资和数字资产交易，但这些灰色渠道包含着更大的风险。
This is compounded by the fact that since digital asset distribution platforms and trading platforms have been closed, many traders have opted for alternative investment and off-site transactions, and in essence individual users are still involved in ICO investments and digital asset transactions, but these grey channels involve greater risks.
以比特币为代表的虚拟资产，并非传统意义上的金融资产，且许多都不属于“证券”，这导致证券市场执法机构受制于法律漏洞，无法监管。于是，“赋权”交易所成了各地区遏止非法活动的主要途径。
Virtual assets, represented by bitcoin, are not financial assets in the non-traditional sense, and many do not belong to “securities”, which leads to securities market enforcement agencies being subject to legal loopholes and unsupervised controls. Thus, “empowerment” exchanges have become the main means of curbing illegal activities in various regions.
“如果盲目使用传统监管制度来约束新技术，可能最终会杀死那个下金蛋的鹅。”美国前总统克林顿如是说。
“If traditional regulatory systems are blindly used to regulate new technologies, they may eventually kill the golden goose.” As former United States President Clinton said.
中国市场“闻币色变”之时，海外机构投资者趁机大笔加仓。
At a time when the Chinese market was “sniffing currency change”, investors from overseas institutions took advantage of the opportunity to build up large sums of money.
“目前局面已经变成中国人卖，美国人买的局面， 而且美国人都是配置盘”，Dots机构投资者社区CEO郑迪认为，美国在虚拟货币方面的政策倾斜，使得比特币的配置比例进一步上升。
“The current situation has become Chinese for sale, American for purchase, and American for configuration.” According to the CEO of the Dots investor community, the US policy on virtual money has been biased, which has led to a further increase in bitcoin allocation.
为了应对这场数字经济之战，香港决定为虚拟资产交易所“赋权”。
In response to this battle for the digital economy, Hong Kong decided to “empower” the Virtual Assets Exchange.
香港财库局11月3日在立法咨询中，建议在香港建立虚拟资产交易所的发牌制度，规定任何人士若有意在香港从事虚拟资产交易业务，必须向香港证监会申请牌照，同时赋权香港证监会监督持牌人是否遵守有关反洗钱和打击恐怖主义集资活动的规定。
In a legislative consultation on 3 November, the Hong Kong Treasury Authority recommended the establishment of a licensing system for the Virtual Assets Exchange in Hong Kong, which would require any person wishing to engage in a virtual asset transaction in Hong Kong to apply for a license plate from the Hong Kong CVM, and would empower the CVM to monitor whether the holder complies with the provisions on anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism fund-raising activities.
业内呼吁交易所“持牌经营”
Intra-industry call to exchange “card-holding”
对于区块链技术带来的重重风险，中国内地的交易所早有预见，且已未雨绸缪。
The risks posed by block chain technology have long been foreseen and proactive by exchanges in the Mainland.
火币是其中典型代表，其业务以区块链技术研究开发和产业区块链落地应用为主，并拥有亚洲排名第一的黑地址库，长期配合中国公安机关的反洗钱、反诈骗行动提供线索和数据。
It is a typical representative of this, and its operations are dominated by the development of block-link technology and the application of industrial block-falling applications, and it has the largest black address bank in Asia, providing clues and data for long-term cooperation with the anti-money-laundering and anti-fraud operations of the Chinese public security organs.
目前，火币已是最大的比特币交易所之一，并在多国取得了数字资产交易牌照，如泰国数字资产交易牌照、日本虚拟货币交易所合规牌照、直布罗陀DLT Provide牌照、香港资产管理4/9牌、香港信托和公司服务提供商牌照……获准其经营虚拟资产现货交易相关业务（包括现货杠杆业务），上币及发币融资业务，虚拟资产信托管理及钱包业务。
At present, it is one of the largest bitcoin exchanges and has acquired digital asset licence plates in several countries, such as Thailand's digital asset trading licence plate, Japan's Virtual Currency Exchange compliance plate, Gibraltar's DLT Provide license plate, Hong Kong asset management 4/9, Hong Kong Trust and Company Service Providers' license plate, which allows it to operate virtual asset spot trading-related transactions (including off-the-shelf leverage), upper currency and currency issuance finance operations, virtual asset trust management and wallet operations.
用户认证方面，火币与道琼斯风险与合规部深入合作，对其认证用户进行风险把控。一旦触发相关机制，平台就会执行相应措施，初步排除潜在风险用户进入市场交易的可能性。
In terms of user certification, it works closely with Dow Jones Risk and Compliance to manage the risks of its certified users. Once the mechanism is triggered, the platform implements measures that initially exclude potential risk users from entering the market.
火币还自主研发了链上资产流向监控追踪系统“占星系统”，为反诈骗、反洗钱工作提供更有力的技术支持。
It has also developed autonomously a chain-of-associated asset-flow tracking system, the Ascendant System, to provide enhanced technical support to anti-fraud and anti-money-laundering efforts.
这也是为何，成立仅七年的火币，有过上百次协助警方办案的记录，配合福建莆田、河南洛阳、湖南长沙等多地公检法司开展区块链反诈骗、反洗钱工作。
This is why only seven years have passed since the establishment of the tender, and there have been hundreds of cases of assistance to the police, in conjunction with the multi-point anti-fraud and anti-money-laundering efforts of the Department of Public Prosecutions of Fujimata, Henan Loyang and Hunan Changsha, among others.
今年7月，公安部网安局发布，浙江温州瓯海警方破获全国首利用区块链智能合约的犯罪案件，涉案金额上亿元，该案为火币协助温州警方所为。
In July of this year, the Department of Cybersecurity of the Ministry of Public Security announced that the Zhejiang Wenhai police had uncovered a criminal case involving hundreds of millions of dollars in connection with the first-ever use of block-chain intelligence contracts in the country, which had been carried out by the police in Wenzhou.
与此同时，火币还参与了《区块链与分布式记账信息系统评估规范》、《区块链数字资产存储保护技术指南国家标准》、“区块链行业应用反洗钱标准”等行业标准的制定。
At the same time, it is involved in the development of industry standards such as the Guidelines for the Assessment of Block Chains and Distributed Accounting Information Systems, the National Standards for the Technical Guidelines for the Storage and Protection of Digital Assets in Block Chains, and the Standards for the Application of Anti-Money Laundering Standards in Block Chain Industries.
出于对不法分子的忌惮，监管层对虚拟货币交易所不时加以禁锢。纵然火币已建立了全面的反洗钱技术系统，也难以火力全开。
Even with the establishment of a comprehensive anti-money-laundering technical system, it is difficult to open fire.
而香港的做法提供了新的思路。财库局指出，虚拟货币交易所若要在香港持牌营业，必须在香港成立，并且有固定营业场所，非香港成立公司不得申请牌照，即无法合法展业。
Hong Kong’s practice provides new ideas. The Treasury Department states that a virtual currency exchange must be established in Hong Kong if it is to be licensed to operate in Hong Kong and have a fixed place of business, and that a company that is not incorporated in Hong Kong may not apply for a license plate, i.e. it cannot legally open the business.
前述业内人士也提供了相关建议：“建议通过建立行业自律组织等方式监管交易所，并借鉴欧美设立“监管沙盒”，可在个别地区试点牌照制度，如，在海南自贸港发放牌照做离岸试点。这将有利于加快构建区块链产业体系，推动我国抢占全球区块链产业发展制高点。”（思维财经出品）■
The above-mentioned industry has also provided relevant suggestions: “It is proposed to regulate exchanges, including through the establishment of industry self-regulatory organizations, and to build on the “sand-regulating box” set up in Europe and the United States of America, which could pilot licensing systems in individual areas, such as the offshore piloting of license plates at the Hainan Free Trade Port. This would help to speed up the construction of the block chain industry system and promote the country’s capture of the high point of development of the global block chain industry.”
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