最近，“区块链”成为舆论热词。但对于对老百姓来说，区块链的概念依然“像雾像雨又像风”，看不透也摸不着。区块链到底是什么？它对普通人的衣食住行有何影响？对企业来说，站上新风口的区块链正成为弯道超车的突破口，但如何在这条“新赛道”上跑出好成绩？
Recently, “ block chains & rdquo; have become popular words. But for ordinary people, the concept of block chains is still & & & & & & & & & & & & &, like fog and rain. What is a block chain, what does it have to do with ordinary people's food and clothing? For businesses, the & & & & rdquao; the new track & rdquao; and the good track?
他正“瞄准”我们的生活
什么是区块链？从技术的角度来说，就是一种去中心化的分布式账本数据库。每个区块就像一个硬盘，将信息全部保存下来，再通过密码学技术进行加密，这些被保存的信息就无法被篡改。
What is a block chain? Technically, it is a decentralised distributed account database. Each block is like a hard disk, where all information is saved and encrypted by cryptography, and the stored information cannot be tampered with.
正因为不可篡改的特质，区块链逐渐被很多行业用来解决痛点。实际上，这些运用场景已经出现在百姓身边。
Because of the immeasurable properties, the blocks chain is gradually being used by many industries to deal with the pain. In fact, these applications are already around the population.
+政务，让数据真正“跑起来”
+ government to make the data real & ldquao; run & rdquao;
在济南高新区政务服务中心，企业一次性提交所需材料，只在一个窗口就可办理“全部”业务。这得益于山大地纬研发的“区块链政务”可信服务平台。
At the Jinan Highland Government Service Centre, enterprises can submit the required materials once and for all in a single window. This is thanks to & & & & rdquao; block chain & & rdquao; and a credible service platform.
“在企业开办事项办理中，一旦核准签发了营业执照，营业执照及相关信息就会放到区块链上进行存储和传递，相关信息会实时推送给涉及企业开办的公安印章备案、印章刻制、社保等业务系统，真正实现‘数据跑路’。”山大地纬软件股份有限公司总裁郑永清表示，证照持有人拥有“数字证照”后，使用时出示数字证照即可，不需要持有人携原件，在线办事过程公开透明，结果实时更新，办事效率整体提升。
& & ldquo; in business start-up matters, once a business licence has been issued, the business licence and related information is stored and transmitted on the block chain, and the relevant information is sent in real time to operational systems such as public security stamp filings, stamp engravings, social security, etc. that involve the start-up of the business, real realization of ‘ data runway & rsquo; ” & & ; ” Jung Yong-chung, President of Mountain Lands and Lands and Systems Limited, who states that the holder of the licence has & ldquo; digital certificate & & rdquo; after use, the digital certificate is available, the holder is not required to carry originals, the online process is transparent, the results are updated in real time and the overall efficiency of the operation is improved.
2018年9月，在济南高新区发出中国首张基于区块链的数字营业执照，创造了“企业开办一次办好”仅用47分钟的全国最快纪录,平均用时比承诺时限压缩75%。
In September 2018, the first Chinese digital business licence based on the block chain was issued in the Jinan High District, creating & ldquao; the start-up of a business & & rdquao; and the fastest record in the country for 47 minutes only, with an average reduction of 75 per cent over the commitment period.
+信息，让“私隐”存入“保险柜”
+ information for & ldquao; privacy & rdquao; deposit & & rdquao; safe & rdquao;
区块链一个很重要的作用就是能够实现“自己的数据自己掌握，让谁用自己说了算”，“就像企业去参加投标，需要携带一摞纸质的资产、信用材料等，招标方需要重复验真审核，效率低、真假难辨。”郑永清表示，而如果这些材料都通过区块链上的“数字保险柜”进行提交、接收、使用，就能实现可信流转，同时记录交易情况，可以显著降低交易成本，提高交易的可信程度，而且这种共享方式由资产所有人授权使用，保障了资产的安全。
An important function of the block chain is to be able to achieve “ to have its own data in its own hands, so that whoever uses it can use it; &rdquao; &ldquao; just as an enterprise goes to bid, it needs to carry a pile of paper-based assets, credit materials, etc., and the tenderer needs to repeat the validation, inefficiency, authenticity etc. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
对老百姓而言，有了这样一个“数字保险柜”，一个人从准生证，到出生证明、接种证明、学历证明、身份证等全生命周期的数字资产，都可以存到这个保险柜里使用，孩子入学、办理护照签证等过去需要填写提交大量纸质材料、证明的事情，通过数字保险柜APP即可解决。
For the general population, with such a & ldquo; a digital safe & & rdquo; a person's digital assets, ranging from a cadastral certificate to a birth certificate, a vaccination certificate, a certificate of education, an identity card, etc., which can be used throughout the life cycle, children's enrolment in the safe and the processing of passport visas, etc., have in the past required the submission of a large number of paper-based documents, which can be resolved through the digital safe APP.
对政府部门、行业机构而言，在签发营业执照、房产证、学历证书、个人健康档案等证照时，可在发行实体材料的同时，利用数字保险柜提供的机构端，同时签发数字形式的资产，存入区块链上所有人的专属数字保险箱。
For government departments and industry agencies, when issuing licences such as business licences, real estate certificates, certificates of education, personal health files, etc., the institutional end of a digital safe may be used in conjunction with the issuance of material from the entity, together with the issuance of an asset in digital form to be deposited in the exclusive digital safe of all persons in the block chain.
“如果人人都使用数字保险柜上传、使用自己的数字资产，整个社会就会逐步形成可信的环境，建立起一个生生不息的信用社会生态，这正是区块链最大的价值。”郑永清表示。
& ldquo; if everyone uses digital safes to upload and use their own digital assets, society as a whole will gradually develop a credible environment for building a viable credit society's ecology, which is the greatest value of the block chain. &rdquao; Cheng Yongqing states.
+民生，让假货无处藏身
> + human life, leaving no place for fake goods
“这是为商品打上的独一无二的‘身份证’，一物一码，跟踪每盒阿胶从厂家采购入库到销售的全流程。”在浪潮集团，记者看到一盒已经“上链”的东阿阿胶，手机扫描盒身的二维码，食品基本信息、原料生产追溯信息、产品标准专利、检验检测情况等一目了然。
& & ldquo; this is the unique ‘ ID ’ one-size, tracking every box of aglues from manufacturer to store. & & & & & & & ldquo; Uplink & & & & & & & & &quao; East Aqure, two-dimensional code for cell phone scans, basic food information, retrospective information on raw material production, product standard patents, testing, etc.
“区块链技术就是让产品‘能说话、会说话’。”浪潮集团副总裁庞松涛表示，每件商品都加上覆盖从生产、流通、仓储和使用全过程的可追溯但不可篡改的标签，交易记录信息全部被记录到链上，任何一个渠道商、消费者都可以通过商品包装上的溯源码，掌握每件产品出售、流向以及交易等信息。
& & ldquo; block chain technology is making products ‘ talking and talking &rsquao; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & &
这样区块链溯源无疑从根源上杜绝了货物掉包等问题，为消费者建立起正品消费的屏障。“与我们合作的一家酒企，曾经每年存在20-30万元的窜货现象，‘上链’之后就没有发生过。”庞松涛透露。目前，国井集团、花冠集团、贵州茅台、东阿阿胶、青岛啤酒、张裕等品牌已纷纷加入“质量链”。
The chain of blocks no doubt eliminates the problem of the diversion of goods from its roots and creates barriers to consumer consumption. & & & ldquo; ‘ ’ Uplink; &rsquao; ” & Ponzontao; now, brands such as the National Wells Group, the Champs Group, your state matai, East Aqua, Qingjia beer, Zhang Quan have joined & & & & & Quality Chains & & rdquao;
+金融，让融资难“不再难”
金融的核心是“信用”，无论是贷款还是融资，都离不开“信用”，而区块链提供的“去中心化”思想正是解决信任问题的最佳技术。
At the heart of finance are & ldquo; credit & rdquao; credit & finance & & ldquao; credit & rdquao; and block chains & & & ldquao; decentralizing & rdquao; thinking is the best way to solve trust problems.
“利用政府数据、互联网数据和企业内部数据，依托区块链技术建立‘数据铁笼’，实现数据授权、流转、计算和销毁过程全纪录，为银行提供数据支撑。”庞松涛介绍的是，浪潮建设运营的一贷通综合金融服务平台，主要面向广大小微企业、个体工商户等用户群体，其自身并不是直接发放贷款，而是给银行进行科技输出，解决风控问题。
& & & ldquo; building &lsquo using government data, Internet data and intra-business data, based on block chain technology; data cages & & rsquo; achieving full records of data authorization, flow, calculation and destruction processes to support banks with data. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & ; ; & & & & ; & & & & & & ; & & ; & & & ; & & & & & ; ; ; & ; & & ; & & & ; ; & & & & & ; ; & & ; & & ; & & & & & & & ; & ; ; & & & ; & & & ; & & ; & & & & & ; & & &
当企业在线上申请贷款时，企业授权平台调用企业自身数据，平台风控系统依据数据信息生成信用报告，银行参考信用报告为用户提供贷款服务。如此，需要跑多部门开具证明材料的繁琐流程被省却。目前“一贷通”平台已实现“101”贷款模式，1分钟申请、0人工干预、1秒钟放贷。据介绍，已累计为全国1.5万家中小微企业、个体工商户提供资金支持超过35亿元。
When an enterprise applies for a loan online, the business authorization platform calls the enterprise's own data, the platform's wind control system generates credit reports based on data information, and bank reference credit reports provide credit services to users. Thus, the cumbersome process of running a multi-sector certification process has been avoided. Currently “ one loan & rdquao; the platform has achieved “ 101” loan mode, one minute application, zero manual intervention, and one second loan.
互联网下的大势所趋
“突然而至”的政策利好，让区块链一夜之间成为全民热议的话题。区块链技术，是否能作为未来趋势之一发展起来？
& & ldquo; suddenly & & rdquao; good policy to make block chains the subject of popular debate overnight. Does block chain technology evolve as one of the future trends?
“数字经济时代正加速到来，资产的数字化将是大势所趋。对于数字资产，尤其是私有数字资产的存储、共享，传统的集中式管理方式已经难以满足需求。”郑永清表示，发挥区块链不可篡改、点对点授权传递等特点，建设基于区块链的基础数字资产管理平台是发展数字经济必不可少的基础设施。
& & ldquo; the digital economy is accelerating, and the digitalization of assets will become a trend. For digital assets, especially the storage and sharing of private digital assets, traditional centralized management has become difficult to meet demand. & & & & & & & & & Jingqing stated that building a basic digital asset management platform based on a block chain is an essential infrastructure for the development of the digital economy, using features such as the inexorable and point-to-point transmission of block chains.
郑永清介绍，政府、企业、个人从“上云”到“上链”也是大势所趋，特别是在政务和民生这些公共服务领域，通过区块链实现各类证照、资质、材料的高效可信传递，不仅能够解决政务服务中的协同难题，也能通过“技术可信”推进信用社会的建立。
Jung Yongqing introduced the fact that Governments, businesses and individuals from “ & & & rdquo; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & is also a trend, particularly in the areas of public services such as government and livelihood, where efficient and credible transmission of all types of documentation, qualifications and materials through block chains not only solves the challenges of synergy in government services, but also through & & & & & & tquo; technology credibility & & & & rdqua ; and promoting the establishment of a credit society.
“一个质量链解决了阳澄湖大闸蟹等地方性品牌被市场上以次充好，和假冒伪劣产品的频频伤害的难题，帮助品牌重构与消费者的信任关系。”庞松涛表示，这直接将质量保证打造成一种多方共赢的商业生态，可以预见，未来很多行业都可以参照质量链动态反馈机制的长效体系，来构建落地解决方案。
& & & ldquo; A Quality Chain addresses the problem of local brands, such as sunlit lake gate crabs, being sub-optimised in the market, and the frequent victimization of counterfeit products, helping brands to re-establish trust relations with consumers. & & & & & & & & Puntuntao states that it directly creates a multi-win business ecology that foresees that many industries in the future can construct resolution solutions by reference to the long-lived system of dynamic feedback mechanisms in the quality chain.
跑好新赛道的“命门”
区块链技术浪潮席卷各行各业，万物互联、信息共享的可信互联网时代似乎已近在咫尺。越来越多的企业竞跑“上链”，据业内不完全统计，目前山东省有过千家区块链企业，而如何在这条新赛道跑出好成绩？
The technological wave of block chains has swept all walks of life, and a credible Internet age of interconnectivity and information-sharing seems to be approaching. More and more companies are running & ldquo; upper chains & rdquao; and, according to incomplete statistics, there are currently thousands of block chains in Shandong province, and how are they doing well on this new track?
目前在区块链市场，实际上有两种不同类型的企业。一种是追求短期利益的投机派，将目标放在虚拟货币上，尽管比特币让我们更快认识到区块链的魅力，但同时也扭曲了公众对区块链的认知。另一种则是坚持行业落地的务实派，通过区块链去中心化、不可篡改的特性，不断在应用场景中挖掘落地的可能。
At present, there are two different types of businesses in the block chain market. One is speculators who pursue short-term interests, who target virtual money, while bitcoin has made us more aware of the charm of the block chain, it also distorts public perceptions of the block chain.
“业界各种‘链’丛生，但实际解决问题的却寥寥无几。区块链这个行业，谁想做都可以做，但不一定都能做得好。”庞松涛表示，区块链是一种底层技术，是一种基础设施，技术本身并不带来价值，区块链的价值还是需要通过业务本身来释放。“在这个产业，要做好务实派。”
& & & & & & & ldquo; chains & & rsquo; series, but few actually solve problems. The sector of block chains is a industry where anyone can do whatever he wants, but not always doing well. & & & & & & & Puntsuntao states that the block chain is a bottom technology, an infrastructure and technology does not bring value, and the value of the block chain needs to be released through the business itself. & & ldquo; in this industry, be pragmatic. & & & rdquo;
“当前大部分区块链企业的产品是通过‘拿来主义’使用国外的技术和平台开发应用，这就导致了很严重的安全隐患，尤其是在政务、金融、能源等关键领域，一旦出现问题，会严重影响国计民生。此外，如果不掌握底层技术，很难做出适应中国数字经济发展的场景应用，区块链产业的发展一定不能再走‘PPT产品’路线。也只有掌握底层技术，才能为行业的发展提供技术和平台支撑，让更多的企业参与进来实现区块链生态的共建共赢。”在郑永清看来，区块链产业要健康发展，一定要掌握自主可控的底层核心技术，这是目前大多数区块链企业的短板。
& & & ldquo; the products of most of the current block chain enterprises are through ‘ approximation & & squo; and the use of technology and platform development applications abroad, which has led to serious security risks, especially in key areas such as government, finance, and energy, which, in the event of problems, seriously affect the lives of the country’s citizens. Moreover, if bottom-level technologies are not mastered, it will be difficult to develop scenarios adapted to China’s digital economy.
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