第二章互联网、新媒体与新技术赵XX（黑体，18pt）
Chapter II The Internet, new media and new technologies
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日（黑体，18pt）第二章互联网、新媒体与新技术赵XX（黑体，18pt）第一节互联网的产生与发展Internet是全球性的信息系统,它有三方面的含义:在逻辑上由一个以国际互联协议(IP)及其延伸的协议为基础的全球唯一的地址空间连接起来;能够支持使用传输控制协议和网际互联协议(TCP/IP),或其他IP兼容协议的通信;公开或不公开地提供利用通信和相关基础设施的高级信息服务。第一节互联网的产生与发展Internet是全球性的信息一、互联网的起源互联网的前身是美国国防部高级计划研究署(TheUSDefenseDepartment’sAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,ARPA)1969年与美国一些大学共同开发的军用计算机网络ARPAnet,又称“阿帕网”。
The creation of the Internet and the development of Internet is a global information system with three implications: logically, it is connected by the only global address space based on the International Connectivity Agreement (IP) and its extensions; it can support the use of transmission control protocols and Internet connectivity protocols (TCP/IPs), or other IP-compatible communications; and it provides advanced information services using communications and related infrastructure, in public or non-public. The creation and development of the Internet is a global Internet I. The Internet is a precursor to the United States Department of Defense Advanced Planning Research Agency (the United States Department of Defense), known as “Apanet”, which developed a military computer network jointly with a number of universities in the United States in 1969.
一、互联网的起源互联网的前身是美国国防部高级计划研究署(二、互联网的发展阶段冷战结束后,互联网逐渐从军事、科研转向商业应用,经历了几个重要的快速发展阶段。1983年,TCP/IP协议———从主机到主机的传输控制协定(TCP),以及网络之间的协定(IP)———成为美国互联网的标准通信协议。20世纪90年代后,互联网进入以资源共享为中心的商业化实用服务阶段,迅速走向世界。万维网的出现是互联网发展的另一个重要加速器。
In 1983, the TCP/IP protocol – Transfer Control Agreement (TCP) from Host to Host – and the Internet-to-Net agreement (IP) – became standard communications protocols for the Internet in the United States. After the 1990s, the Internet moved into a practical service phase of commercialization centred on resource sharing, moving rapidly to the world. The advent of the World Wide Web was another important acceleration of Internet development.
二、互联网的发展阶段冷战结束后,互联网逐渐从军事、科研转三、中国的互联网发展中国从1994年正式联入互联网,1995年出现互联网商用服务,起步虽然较晚,但发展极其迅速。以1994年为界,分为起步建设与普及应用两个阶段。起步建设阶段普及发展阶段三、中国的互联网发展中国从1994年正式联入互联网,第二节新媒体的基本特征互联网的飞速发展,使这一次的“新媒体”孕育出独特的内涵。不仅相对于“旧媒体”诞生出丰富多彩的新型媒体形态,更革命性地重塑了现有传播生态环境,颠覆了大众传播的既有线性传播特征,全面、深远地影响了整个社会的政治、经济与文化,成为与“传统媒体”明显不同的“新媒体”。第二节新媒体的基本特征互联网的飞速发展,使这一次的“新媒一、数字化第一,与传统媒体相比,新媒体的数字化特征拓展了传输手段、接收终端和表达形式的多样性。第二,数字化的新媒体打破了报纸、广播、电视等媒介之间的壁垒,使得同一内容具有了多介质传播的可能,大大增强了不同形式的媒介彼此之间的互联性,传播呈现出立体化、全景式的特点,媒介融合得以可能。第三,数字化技术为海量信息传播提供基础。
Since the end of the cold war, the Internet has gradually grown from military to scientific research to the development of China, and the Internet has grown in China since 1994, with commercial Internet services having been officially connected to the Internet since 1995 and the beginning of which has been extremely rapid. In 1994, the border has been divided into two phases of initial construction and popularization. The initial phase of construction has been the third phase of popularization, China's Internet development has become officially connected to the Internet since 1994, and the Internet, the Internet, the basic features of the new media in section II, has developed a unique inner dimension. Not only has the new media, the first digitalization of which has produced a rich variety of new forms of media, but the digitalization of the new media has revolutionized the existing communications environment, subverting the existing linear transmission features of mass media, undermining the political, economic and cultural aspects of mass communication and becoming a “new medium” that is clearly different from the traditional media. In section II, the rapid development of the Internet, the basic features of the new media, which has given rise to the potential diffusion of new media, has expanded the digitalization of new media, as compared to traditional media, the diversity of communications.
一、数字化第一,与传统媒体相比,新媒体的数字化特征拓展了二、交互性互联网打破了传统媒体时代传者和受者的严格界限,传播方式由单向线性传播发展到双向甚至多向交流新媒体的交互性特征,不仅体现在传播的方向上,还体现在整个信息形成过程的改变带来了信息控制力的变化。交互性还带来了信息传播的个性化。
First, the digitalization of the new media, compared to the traditional media, expands the digital identity of both the interactive Internet, breaking the strict boundaries of traditional media timers and recipients, and the way in which it spreads from one-way linear transmission to two-way or even more interactive features of the new media, not only in the direction in which it is transmitted, but also in the changes in the information-generation process that have brought about changes in the control of the information. Interactiveness has also led to the individualization of information dissemination.
二、交互性互联网打破了传统媒体时代传者和受者的严格界限,三、超时空新媒体具有传播上的快捷性和时间上的自由性,能够轻易做到即时传播。新媒体利用全球互联的网络系统和通信卫星技术,突破了地理区域的局限,具有传播的全球性和空间上的无限性。三、超时空新媒体具有传播上的快捷性和时间上的自由性,能够第三节新媒体的主要类型随着信息技术不断进步和人类信息传播需求的增加,各类新媒体不断涌现。新媒体的“新冶,不仅表现在技术层面上,也表现在媒介形式和传播模式上;既有一些媒体是崭新的存在,如网络新媒体、手机新媒体等,也有一些媒体是在传统媒体基础上嫁接新技术发展而成,如电子报纸、数字广播、IPTV等。为了更好地理解种类繁多的新媒体,我们可以按照不同的标准进行分类。第三节新媒体的主要类型随着信息技术不断进步和人类信息传播需一、按硬件设备终端来分(一)以计算机为终端(二)以手机和便携式电子设备为终端(三)以数字电视机为终端
Second, the interactive Internet breaks the strict boundaries of traditional media timers and recipients, and three, the speed of communication and freedom of time for new, time-consuming media can easily be disseminated instantaneously. The new media, using the global Internet system and communications satellite technology, have broken geographical boundaries and have global and spatial limits of communication. Third, the speed of communication and the freedom of time for new, time-consuming media have enabled the main types of new media in section III to emerge as information technology advances and the demand for human information has increased. In section III, the new media are “metallurgical, not only at the technical level, but also in media formats and modes of communication; there are new media, such as new Internet media, new mobile media, and some media, which have developed new technologies on the basis of traditional media, such as electronic newspapers, digital broadcasting, IPTV, etc. In order to better understand the variety of new media, we can classify them according to different criteria.
一、按硬件设备终端来分(一)以计算机为终端二、按应用(软件)属性来分
I. Distribute by hardware equipment terminal (i) by computer, II by application (software) properties
(一)Web1.0时代的互联网应用(二)Web2.0时期的互联网应用
(i) Internet applications in the Web1.0 era (ii) Web 2.0
二、按应用(软件)属性来分
ii. By application (software) properties
(一)Web1.0时代的三、按经营性质来分(一)营利性新媒体(二)非营利性新媒体
(i) Three new, business-based (i) new for-profit media (ii) new not-for-profit media in the Web1.0 era
三、按经营性质来分(一)营利性新媒体四、按应用功能来分“新媒体冶将媒体的功能不断拓展,从最初的网络邮件、新闻组到门户式新闻网站、传统新闻信息推送,发展到运用媒体进行社会交往、管理商务工作、处理海量数据、进行地理定位等。四、按应用功能来分“新媒体冶将媒体的功能不断拓展,从最初第四节新技术的发展趋势网络与新媒体的迅猛发展,伴随着几大关键性技术的产生。从早期的光导纤维(opticalfiber)、电脑技术(computertechnology)、多媒体(multimedia)、数字化技术(digitaltechnology)、互联网(Internet)等发展到现在的流媒体技术(StreamingMediaTechnology)、IPTV技术、WAP平台技术、海量存储技术等。新技术的发展,第四节新技术的发展趋势网络与新媒体的迅猛发展,伴随着几大一、数据化:数字技术走向大数据时代图、文、声、像通过转化为统一的电子计算机能识别的二进制数字“0”和“1”后进行运算、加工、存储、传送、传播、还原,使得所有的媒体都摆脱了自身传统的信息传送方式,信息交互水平大大提升,信息传递效率大大提高。基于现有数据进行“预测”成为大数据的核心所在“数据化”将数字化技术向前推进,从关注信息技术到关注信息本身,大数据时代存在无限可能。一、数据化:数字技术走向大数据时代图、文、声、像通过转二、智能化:计算机网络技术从Web1.0到Web3.0Web1.0时代沿袭了传统媒体大众传播的模式,以早期门户网站Yahoo!为代表,是一个用户完全被动接受信息的时代Web2.0将互动传播提升到重要位置,以博客、微博、在线流媒体为代表,开启了以个人为中心的传播方式Web3.0在大数据时代的背景下,创建出综合化的服务平台,提供基于用户偏好的个性化聚合信息服务,走向智能网络和智能应用的层次。二、智能化:计算机网络技术从Web1.0到Web3三、移动化:移动通信技术从1G到3G第一代移动通信技术(即1G,theFirstGeneration的缩写)于20世纪80年代初提出第二代移动通信技术(即2G,theSecondGeneration的缩写)起源于20世纪90年代初期,是目前广泛使用的数字移动通信系统。第三代移动通信系统(即3G,theThirdGeneration的缩写),也称IMT2000,其基本特征是以宽带CDMA技术为主,通过智能信号处理技术,支持语音和多媒体数据业务的移动通信系统。三、移动化:移动通信技术从1G到3G第一代移动通信第二章互联网、新媒体与新技术赵XX（黑体，18pt）
Three, by the nature of the operation (i) new media for profit, four, new media for profit, four, new media for use, four, new media for use, four, new media for use, four, new media for dynamic development from the original section IV. New media for use, new media for expanding the functionality of media from the original web-based mail, news groups to portal news sites, traditional news messages, etc., to the use of the media for social interaction, management of business work, processing of big data, geolocation, etc., four, new media for the application of the new media for expanding the functionality of media from the original section IV. New media for the development of new technological trends and the rapid development of new technologies for the development of new fibres (opticalfiber), computer technologies for the dissemination of modern technologies, electronic data for the transfer of modern technologies, digital data for the transfer of modern technologies, digital data for the generation of new technologies, digital data for the transfer of new technologies, digital data for the generation of new technologies, digital data for the production of new technologies, digital data for the production of new technologies, digital data for the production of new technologies, digital data for the production of new technologies, digital data for the production of new technologies, data for the production of new technologies, digital data for the same, data for the generation of new technologies, data for the use of new technologies, data for the use of the Internet, the Internet, the use of the Internet of the Internet, the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet, the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet of the Internet.
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日（黑体，18pt）第二章互联网、新媒体与新技术赵XX（黑体，18pt）第一节互联网的产生与发展Internet是全球性的信息系统,它有三方面的含义:在逻辑上由一个以国际互联协议(IP)及其延伸的协议为基础的全球唯一的地址空间连接起来;能够支持使用传输控制协议和网际互联协议(TCP/IP),或其他IP兼容协议的通信;公开或不公开地提供利用通信和相关基础设施的高级信息服务。第一节互联网的产生与发展Internet是全球性的信息一、互联网的起源互联网的前身是美国国防部高级计划研究署(TheUSDefenseDepartment’sAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,ARPA)1969年与美国一些大学共同开发的军用计算机网络ARPAnet,又称“阿帕网”。
The creation of the Internet and the development of Internet is a global information system with three implications: logically, it is connected by the only global address space based on the International Connectivity Agreement (IP) and its extensions; it can support the use of transmission control protocols and Internet connectivity protocols (TCP/IPs), or other IP-compatible communications; and it provides advanced information services using communications and related infrastructure, in public or non-public. The creation and development of the Internet is a global Internet I. The Internet is a precursor to the United States Department of Defense Advanced Planning Research Agency (the United States Department of Defense), known as “Apanet”, which developed a military computer network jointly with a number of universities in the United States in 1969.
一、互联网的起源互联网的前身是美国国防部高级计划研究署(二、互联网的发展阶段冷战结束后,互联网逐渐从军事、科研转向商业应用,经历了几个重要的快速发展阶段。1983年,TCP/IP协议———从主机到主机的传输控制协定(TCP),以及网络之间的协定(IP)———成为美国互联网的标准通信协议。20世纪90年代后,互联网进入以资源共享为中心的商业化实用服务阶段,迅速走向世界。万维网的出现是互联网发展的另一个重要加速器。
In 1983, the TCP/IP protocol – Transfer Control Agreement (TCP) from Host to Host – and the Internet-to-Net agreement (IP) – became standard communications protocols for the Internet in the United States. After the 1990s, the Internet moved into a practical service phase of commercialization centred on resource sharing, moving rapidly to the world. The advent of the World Wide Web was another important acceleration of Internet development.
二、互联网的发展阶段冷战结束后,互联网逐渐从军事、科研转三、中国的互联网发展中国从1994年正式联入互联网,1995年出现互联网商用服务,起步虽然较晚,但发展极其迅速。以1994年为界,分为起步建设与普及应用两个阶段。起步建设阶段普及发展阶段三、中国的互联网发展中国从1994年正式联入互联网,第二节新媒体的基本特征互联网的飞速发展,使这一次的“新媒体”孕育出独特的内涵。不仅相对于“旧媒体”诞生出丰富多彩的新型媒体形态,更革命性地重塑了现有传播生态环境,颠覆了大众传播的既有线性传播特征,全面、深远地影响了整个社会的政治、经济与文化,成为与“传统媒体”明显不同的“新媒体”。第二节新媒体的基本特征互联网的飞速发展,使这一次的“新媒一、数字化第一,与传统媒体相比,新媒体的数字化特征拓展了传输手段、接收终端和表达形式的多样性。第二,数字化的新媒体打破了报纸、广播、电视等媒介之间的壁垒,使得同一内容具有了多介质传播的可能,大大增强了不同形式的媒介彼此之间的互联性,传播呈现出立体化、全景式的特点,媒介融合得以可能。第三,数字化技术为海量信息传播提供基础。
Since the end of the cold war, the Internet has gradually grown from military to scientific research to the development of China, and the Internet has grown in China since 1994, with commercial Internet services having been officially connected to the Internet since 1995 and the beginning of which has been extremely rapid. In 1994, the border has been divided into two phases of initial construction and popularization. The initial phase of construction has been the third phase of popularization, China's Internet development has become officially connected to the Internet since 1994, and the Internet, the Internet, the basic features of the new media in section II, has developed a unique inner dimension. Not only has the new media, the first digitalization of which has produced a rich variety of new forms of media, but the digitalization of the new media has revolutionized the existing communications environment, subverting the existing linear transmission features of mass media, undermining the political, economic and cultural aspects of mass communication and becoming a “new medium” that is clearly different from the traditional media. In section II, the rapid development of the Internet, the basic features of the new media, which has given rise to the potential diffusion of new media, has expanded the digitalization of new media, as compared to traditional media, the diversity of communications.
一、数字化第一,与传统媒体相比,新媒体的数字化特征拓展了二、交互性互联网打破了传统媒体时代传者和受者的严格界限,传播方式由单向线性传播发展到双向甚至多向交流新媒体的交互性特征,不仅体现在传播的方向上,还体现在整个信息形成过程的改变带来了信息控制力的变化。交互性还带来了信息传播的个性化。
First, the digitalization of the new media, compared to the traditional media, expands the digital identity of both the interactive Internet, breaking the strict boundaries of traditional media timers and recipients, and the way in which it spreads from one-way linear transmission to two-way or even more interactive features of the new media, not only in the direction in which it is transmitted, but also in the changes in the information-generation process that have brought about changes in the control of the information. Interactiveness has also led to the individualization of information dissemination.
二、交互性互联网打破了传统媒体时代传者和受者的严格界限,三、超时空新媒体具有传播上的快捷性和时间上的自由性,能够轻易做到即时传播。新媒体利用全球互联的网络系统和通信卫星技术,突破了地理区域的局限,具有传播的全球性和空间上的无限性。三、超时空新媒体具有传播上的快捷性和时间上的自由性,能够第三节新媒体的主要类型随着信息技术不断进步和人类信息传播需求的增加,各类新媒体不断涌现。新媒体的“新冶,不仅表现在技术层面上,也表现在媒介形式和传播模式上;既有一些媒体是崭新的存在,如网络新媒体、手机新媒体等,也有一些媒体是在传统媒体基础上嫁接新技术发展而成,如电子报纸、数字广播、IPTV等。为了更好地理解种类繁多的新媒体,我们可以按照不同的标准进行分类。第三节新媒体的主要类型随着信息技术不断进步和人类信息传播需一、按硬件设备终端来分(一)以计算机为终端(二)以手机和便携式电子设备为终端(三)以数字电视机为终端
Second, the interactive Internet breaks the strict boundaries of traditional media timers and recipients, and three, the speed of communication and freedom of time for new, time-consuming media can easily be disseminated instantaneously. The new media, using the global Internet system and communications satellite technology, have broken geographical boundaries and have global and spatial limits of communication. Third, the speed of communication and the freedom of time for new, time-consuming media have enabled the main types of new media in section III to emerge as information technology advances and the demand for human information has increased. In section III, the new media are “metallurgical, not only at the technical level, but also in media formats and modes of communication; there are new media, such as new Internet media, new mobile media, and some media, which have developed new technologies on the basis of traditional media, such as electronic newspapers, digital broadcasting, IPTV, etc. In order to better understand the variety of new media, we can classify them according to different criteria.
一、按硬件设备终端来分(一)以计算机为终端二、按应用(软件)属性来分
I. Distribute by hardware equipment terminal (i) by computer, II by application (software) properties
(一)Web1.0时代的互联网应用(二)Web2.0时期的互联网应用
(i) Internet applications in the Web1.0 era (ii) Web 2.0
二、按应用(软件)属性来分
ii. By application (software) properties
(一)Web1.0时代的三、按经营性质来分(一)营利性新媒体(二)非营利性新媒体
(i) Three new, business-based (i) new for-profit media (ii) new not-for-profit media in the Web1.0 era
三、按经营性质来分(一)营利性新媒体四、按应用功能来分“新媒体冶将媒体的功能不断拓展,从最初的网络邮件、新闻组到门户式新闻网站、传统新闻信息推送,发展到运用媒体进行社会交往、管理商务工作、处理海量数据、进行地理定位等。四、按应用功能来分“新媒体冶将媒体的功能不断拓展,从最初第四节新技术的发展趋势网络与新媒体的迅猛发展,伴随着几大关键性技术的产生。从早期的光导纤维(opticalfiber)、电脑技术(computertechnology)、多媒体(multimedia)、数字化技术(digitaltechnology)、互联网(Internet)等发展到现在的流媒体技术(StreamingMediaTechnology)、IPTV技术、WAP平台技术、海量存储技术等。新技术的发展,第四节新技术的发展趋势网络与新媒体的迅猛发展,伴随着几大一、数据化:数字技术走向大数据时代图、文、声、像通过转化为统一的电子计算机能识别的二进制数字“0”和“1”后进行运算、加工、存储、传送、传播、还原,使得所有的媒体都摆脱了自身传统的信息传送方式,信息交互水平大大提升,信息传递效率大大提高。基于现有数据进行“预测”成为大数据的核心所在“数据化”将数字化技术向前推进,从关
Third, by the nature of the operation (i) new and profitable media, (iv) by the nature of the operation (i) new media, (iv) by the nature of the operation (i) new media, (iv) by the nature of the operation (i) by the application (i) by the new media, (ii) by the development of the new media, (iii) by the application (i) by the new media, (ii) by the development of the new technologies in section IV, (ii) by the production of several key technologies, (iii) by the development of the media, from the initial web-based (opticalfiber), computer technology (computechnology), multimedia (multimedia), digital technology (diigitaltechnology), Internet (Internet) and others, (i.e.g.) by the application (i.), (ii) by the development of new technologies, (ii) by the development of new technologies, (ii) by the development of new technologies, (ii) by the development of new technologies (i.e.g.) by the development of new technologies (i.e.), and (ii.) by the development of the new media (ii.), (ii.), (ii.) by the development of digital media (i.) and (ii.), (ii.) by the “digitization of digital data, (i.e.), (ii.) and (ii.e.e.) and (ii.) and (ii.) data, (ii.) and (ii.) and (ii).
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