id:BSN_2021
公众号：BSN研习社
Public Number: BSN Research Society
关于区块链，交易是一个绕不开的话题。区块链可以看做一个不断实时同步的分布式账本，在这个账本上，每一个动作都可以算作一笔“交易”。正是一笔笔交易，才构成了账本的全部。
With regard to block chains, transactions are an inescapable topic. Block chains can be seen as a distribution book that is constantly synchronized in real time, in which each action can be counted as a "transaction." It is a transaction that makes up the whole account book.
关于交易，有很多基础术语需要我们了解。
With regard to transactions, there are many basic terms that we need to understand.
交易/Transaction/TX
Transactions/Transaction/TX
在区块链中- -笔交易是一个数字记录 ,通过区块链网络将交易数据在全网范围中播,通告加密货币的所有权发生转移, 并通过共识机制在全网中进行确认及验证,使得该笔交易变得不可逆并防止篡改。在普通货币里主要的交易类型是发送的货币单位或代币给别人;而在如域名注册等其他系统中,作出并完成报价、订立合约的行为也是有效的交易类型。
In the block chain, the -- pen transaction is a digital record, the transaction data are broadcast online through the block chain network, the transfer of ownership of the encrypted currency is notified, and the transaction is confirmed and validated on the net through a consensus mechanism, making the transaction irreversible and preventing tampering. The main type of transaction in the ordinary currency is the money unit or token that is sent to another person; and in other systems, such as the domain name register, the conduct of making and concluding an offer or contract is also a valid type of transaction.
验证Nerification
Authentication
验证是对于交易的一种确认,通过区块链网络中节点的共识机制,将交易数据在区块链网络广播并由其他节点确认,即验证该笔交易的合法性。
Validation is an acknowledgement of a transaction, through a consensual mechanism of nodes in the block chain network, where transaction data are broadcast on the block chain network and confirmed by other nodes, i.e. to verify the legitimacy of the transaction.
可互换性/Fungible
Convertibility/Fungible
可互换是指两种以上商品或是资产可以互换交易,可互换性是指两种以上商品或是资产拥有相互替代的性质。也就是说,在普通交易不影响市场价值的前提下,两种商品具备相互流通的功能,如币币交易中的BTC、ETH、 USDT等主流加密货币通常用于其他加密货币的计价, 因此与其他货币在具备可互换性。法币交易即通过法定货币购买,出售或交易数字资产;币币交易即通过加密货币购买,出售或交易数字资产。
Interchangeability means that more than two commodities or assets can be traded interchangeably, that is, that there are more than two commodities or assets of an alternative nature. That is, where ordinary transactions do not affect market value, the two goods have a tradable function. Mainstream encrypted currencies such as BTC, ETH, USDT, etc. in currency transactions are usually used for denominated purposes in other encrypted currencies, and thus are interchangeable with other currencies. French currency transactions are purchased through statutory currency, sold or traded digital assets; and currency transactions are purchased, sold or traded digital assets through encrypted currency.
污点/Taint
Sterilization/Taint
污点指一个账户中被标注为来自于不被信任的渠道的加密货币的百分比。污点常用来测量使用者的数字钱包中有多少加密货币与失窃货币、假币或者与负面、非法活动相关,由此产生的新数据也会继承源数据“是否被污染”的属性。
A stain is the percentage of an account marked as an encrypted currency from untrusted channels. The stain is often used to measure how many encrypted currencies in the user's digital wallets are associated with stolen currency, counterfeit currency, or negative or illegal activities, and the resulting new data will also inherit the attribute of the source data “fouling or not”.
重放攻击/重播攻击/回放攻击/Replay Attacks
Replaying attacks/replaying attacks/Replay Attacks
重放攻击在区块链中不同于传统意义,是指"- 条链上的交易在另-条链上也往往是合法的”，即在链分叉时,地址和私钥生产的算法相同,交易格式也完全相同, 因此在一条链上的交易在另一条链 上很可能是完全合法的,也即你在分叉区块中进行的-笔交易很可能在分叉链中皆为合法即为“重放”。
Re-admission attacks differ from the traditional meaning in the block chain, meaning that "-the transaction on the chain is also often legal in the other-chain" — i.e., when the chain is split, the address is identical to the algorithm for private key production and the transaction is exactly the same format, so that the transaction on the chain is likely to be perfectly legal in the other chain, i.e., that the transaction that you carry on in the block is likely to be legal in the cross-fork chain, i.e., that the pen transaction is likely to be “reset again” in the cross-fork chain.
交易费用/矿工费/Transaction Fee
Transaction costs/miners'fees/Transaction Fee
交易费用，亦称为“区块链费用” 、“矿工费” , 是在用户进行加密货币交易时收取的交易费用用以奖励矿工对比特币网络的维护。由于矿工通过向网络提供算力以验证发送和接收的数据是否正确,并将这些信息存储在被称为区块链的记录中,由于这些交易每分钟发生很多次,因此较高的费用会激励这些人先验证并记录交易。
Transaction costs, also referred to as “block chain costs” and “miners’ fees”, are the transaction fees charged by users when they conduct encrypted currency transactions to reward miners for the maintenance of the Bitcoin network. Since miners provide the network with the arithmetic to verify the correctness of the data sent and received, and store this information in records known as block chains, and because these transactions occur many times a minute, the higher costs encourage them to verify and record the transactions first.
小额交易/Microtransaction
Small Transactions/Microtransaction
小额交易是指价值量很少的购买或交易。
Small transactions are purchases or transactions with very little value.
尘埃交易/Dust Transactions
Dust Transactions/Dust Transports
少量的加密货币在区块链网络中进行购买、出售等交易行为, -般认为当交易费用高于1/3交易价值时,即可称作"Dust" 或尘埃交易,目前而言,尘埃交易是指交易价值低于546s atoshis比特币(即000000546 BTC )的交易。
A small number of encrypted currencies engage in transactions such as purchase, sale, etc. in the block chain network - it is assumed that when transaction costs exceed the value of one third of the transaction, they are referred to as " Dust" or dust transactions, which, for the time being, are transactions with a transaction value of less than 546 s atoshis bitcoin (i.e. 000000546 BTC).
保证金交易/Margin Trading
Bond trading/Margin Trading
保证金交易是通过使用保证金采取杠杆交易的交易方式,保证金交易允许投资者在支付杠杆资金利息费用的同时控制并使用比自己实际拥有更多的资产,是一种高风险的市场操作行为,因此在金融领域中已将其纳入监管范围进行穿透监管。
Bond transactions, which leverage transactions through the use of bonds that allow investors to control and use more assets than they actually own while paying interest on leveraged funds, are a high-risk market practice and are therefore subject to penetrating regulation in the financial sphere.
交易广播/Transaction Broadcast
Trade Radio/Transaction Broadcast
将交易信息在区块链网络中“广 播”, 并由节点验证即确认的过程。
Makes the transaction information “broadcast” in the block chain network and the process is validated by the node.
交易确认/Confirmation
Transaction confirmation/Confirmation
交易确认表示该笔交易被区块链网络所记录并确认,当交易发生时,记录该笔交易的区块将进行第一次确认,并在该区块之后的链上的每一一个区块进行再次确认 ;当确认数达到六个及以上时,通常认为这笔交易比较安全并难以篡改。
The transaction confirmation indicates that the transaction was recorded and confirmed by the block chain network, that when the transaction occurred, the block recording the transaction would be identified for the first time and that each block in the chain following the block would be reconfirmed; when the confirmed number reached six or more, the transaction was generally considered to be safe and difficult to tamper with.
交易零确认/0确认/ZeroConfirmation
Zero confirmation/0 confirmation/ZeroConfirmation
比特币交易的拥堵情况随着并发交易数量的增加而增加,许多矿池会对内存池中的交易按照手续费高低排列,优先处理高手续交易,其理想情况是高手续费交易先解决,低手续费交易后解决。然而在实际的市场应用中,由于新的交易不断出现,低手续费交易可能永远得不到处理,长时间甚至永久处于0确认状态。
The crowding up of Bitcoin transactions increases as the number of simultaneous transactions increases, and many ponds prioritize high-process transactions in memory pools according to high fees. Ideally, high-cost transactions are resolved first and low-cost transactions are resolved later. In actual market applications, however, as new transactions continue to emerge, low-cost transactions may remain unprocessed for a long time and even for a permanent period of zero confirmation.
未确认交易/Unconfirmed Transactions
Transactions not confirmed/Unconfirmed Transports
交易数据处于未确认的状态,即交易数据在全网广播后,节点会不断从交易池中选择交易数据进行记录( -般根据交易手续费进行排序)并试图将数据记录在区块上,而未确认交易是指该笔交易尚未被记录在区块链上。
The transaction data are in an unacknowledged state, i.e., when the transaction data are broadcast on the Internet, nodes keep selecting the transaction data from the trading pool for recording (like sorting the transaction fees) and attempting to record the data on blocks, whereas the unacknowledged transaction means that the transaction has not yet been recorded on the block chain.
零确认交易/Zero Confirmation Transaction
Zero confirmation transaction/ Zero Consultation Transport
零确认交易是指,交易卖家不等待该笔交易被区块链网络节点确认,即交付出售的东西。零确认交易是一种信任的标志,卖方必须相信买方在该笔交易被区块链中的其他节点记录前不会再尝试将其持有的加密货币再花在其他地方。
Zero confirmation of a transaction means that the seller of the transaction does not wait for the transaction to be confirmed by the block chain network node, i.e., delivery of the item for sale. Zero confirmation of the transaction is a sign of trust, and the seller must believe that the buyer will not attempt to spend any of its encrypted currency elsewhere before the transaction is recorded by the other node in the block chain. & nbsp;
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