?《区块链和分布式记账技术参考架构》（下称“区块链技术国家标准”）近期正式发布，将于2023年12月1日实施，这是我国首个获批发布的区块链技术领域国家标准。
• The Technical Reference Framework for Block Chains and Distributed Accountancy (hereinafter referred to as the “National Technical Standards for Block Chains”) was recently officially released and will be implemented on 1 December 2023, the country's first approved national standards in the technical area of block chain.
《国际金融报》记者近日辗转采访了多位参与该标准制定的人士了解到，该标准在区块链技术应用和产业发展方面提出了参考架构规范，包括用户视图、功能视图、实现视图和部署视图。在功能架构方面，包含用户层、服务层、核心层、基础层和一组跨层功能。根据应用场景的不同，可以有选择地添加能自动执行预设逻辑的智能合约。
International Finance Journal journalists have recently carried out interviews with a number of participants in the development of the standards, learning that the standards provide a frame of reference for the application of block-chain technology and industrial development, including user views, functional views, realization views and deployment views. In the functional architecture, they include user layers, service layers, core layers, basement layers and a set of cross-layer functions. Depending on the application landscape, it is possible to selectively add smart contracts that automatically implement preset logics.
“区块链技术领域国家标准发布后，将推动我国区块链产业标准制定和应用，打造我国技术自主可控的区块链系统。该标准的提出有利于形成标准化产品解决方案，使得区块链产业从小规模试点到大规模应用发展。”参与该标准制定的人士对记者表示。
“With the publication of national standards in the technical area of the block chain, we will promote the development and application of our block chain industry standards and the development of a technologically autonomous block chain system. The proposed standards will facilitate the development of a standardized product solution that will allow the block chain industry to develop from small-scale pilot to large-scale applications.” Those involved in the development of the standards expressed to journalists.
详解首个区块链技术领域国家标准
区块链是分布式网络、加密技术、智能合约等多种技术集成的新型数据库软件，是新一代信息技术的重要组成部分，是发展数字经济的重要技术支撑。区块链技术国家标准是指导我国区块链技术应用和产业发展的基础性、通用性标准，规范了区块链系统的功能架构、核心要素等，目前已在上百家典型区块链企业中得到应用。
The block chain is a new database software that integrates a variety of technologies, such as distributed networks, encryption technologies, smart contracts, etc., and is an important component of the new generation of information technology and an important technological support for the development of the digital economy. National standards for block chain technology are the basic, universal criteria that guide technological applications and industrial development in the country and regulate the functional structure, core elements, etc. of block chain systems, which are currently being applied in hundreds of typical block chain enterprises.
该标准将区块链定义为一种在对等网络环境下，通过透明和可信规则，构建不可伪造、不可篡改和可追溯的块链式数据结构，实现和管理事务处理的模式。参与该标准制定的北京众享比特科技有限公司COO（首席运营官）陈鸿刚对记者分析指出，该定义有三个关键词：一是可信规则，也就是共识机制；二是数据结构，通过多方共同存储的链式数据结构，保证数据不可篡改、可溯源、可审计；三是事务处理，区块链技术是用来处理事务的，通过多节点共同运行智能合约，可以让事务的处理更加公平、可靠、高效。
The standard defines the block chain as a model for the implementation and management of transactions in a reciprocal network setting, through transparent and credible rules, of non-false, non-frozen and retraceable piece data structures. Chen Hong, the COO (Chief Operating Officer) of Henbit Technologies Ltd. in Beijing, who participated in the development of the standard, said that the definition had three key words: a credible rule, i.e., a consensus mechanism; a data structure that guaranteed that data could not be tampered with, traceable and auditable through a multi-storage chain data structure; and a sector-chain technology that was used to deal with matters and that, through joint operation of smart contracts at multiple points, could make the handling of matters more equitable, reliable and efficient.
记者了解到，区块链技术国家标准在区块链技术应用和产业发展方面提出了参考架构规范，包括用户视图、功能视图、实现视图和部署视图。在用户视图方面，由于区块链是多方参与的系统，制定了参与角色规范。区块链参考架构定义了三个主要角色：区块链服务客户、区块链服务提供方和区块链服务关联方，并指出了各种角色之间的业务关系，规范了各种服务的内容和流程。
Journalists learned that the block chain technical national standards provide reference architecture norms for the technical application and industrial development of the block chain, including user views, functional views, realization views, and deployment views. In the user view, participatory role norms have been developed because the block chain is a multi-partite system. The block chain reference architecture defines three main players: the block chain service client, the block chain service provider and the block chain service interface, and identifies the business relationships between the various players, and regulates the content and process of the various services.
在功能视图方面，为了更好地服务产业应用，制定了区块链功能组件规范，功能架构通过分层框架来描述组件。在分层框架中，特定类型的功能被分组到各层中，相邻层次的组件之间通过接口交互。陈鸿刚表示，在数字签名功能组件中特别提到支持我国商密的数字签名算法，为打造符合我国国情的区块链产业应用奠定了基础。
In terms of the functional view, in order to better serve the industry, the regulation of block chain functional components has been developed, and the functional structure describes the components through a stratification framework. In the tiered framework, specific types of functions are grouped into layers, where adjacent components interact through interfaces.
该标准在功能架构方面，包含用户层、服务层、核心层和基础层多个层和一组跨层功能。用户层功能组件包括用户功能、业务功能和管理功能。服务层功能组件应用包括接入管理、节点管理和账本应用。核心层功能组件应用包括共识机制、账本记录、加密、摘要、数字签名、时序服务和智能合约。
In terms of functional structure, the standard includes user layers, service layers, core layers and a group of cross-layer functions. User layer functional components include user functions, business functions and management functions. Service layer functional components include access management, node management and booking applications. Core layer functional components include consensus mechanisms, book records, encryption, summaries, digital signatures, time-series services and smart contracts.
基础层功能组件包括对等网络、存储和计算。跨层功能子集包括开发、运营、安全、监管和审计。核心要素集中在核心层，具体包括节点间的共识机制，以及在此共识机制之上的数据与账本记录；时序服务模块为区块链系统提供统一的时序；加密、摘要与数字签名等模块，保证了区块链系统的安全合规与防篡改。此外，根据应用场景的不同，可以有选择地添加能自动执行预设逻辑的智能合约。
Base-level functional components include e-networks, storage and computing. Cross-layered functional subsets include development, operation, security, supervision and auditing. Core elements are concentrated on the core layer, including, in particular, the mechanism of consensus among nodes and the data and account records above the consensus mechanism; time-series service modules provide a uniform time series for block chain systems; modules such as encryption, digests and digital signatures guarantee secure compliance with block chain systems and tamper-proofing. Moreover, depending on the application scenario, intelligent contracts that automatically execute preset logic can be selectively added.
“本标准通过规范区块链系统的功能架构、核心要素等，为产业界统一区块链概念、建设完善区块链系统和使用区块链服务提供了参考指引，本标准有助于制定一系列配套的区块链标准，为定义区块链标准提供一个技术中立的参考点。”万向区块链实验室负责人、全国区块链和分布式记账技术标准化技术委员会委员杜宇告诉记者。
“The standards, which provide guidance on the concept of a unified block chain for industry, the construction of a perfect block chain system and the use of the block chain service through the regulation of the functional structure, core elements, etc., contribute to the development of a set of complementary block chain standards and provide a technologically neutral reference point for defining the block chain criteria.” Dow, the head of the block chain laboratory and member of the Technical Committee on Technical Standardization of Block Chains and Distributed Accounts, informed journalists.
推动区块链技术应用和产业发展
《区块链和分布式记账技术参考架构》国家标准为产业界统一对区块链概念的认识、建设完善区块链系统、选择使用区块链服务提供参考指引，推动区块链技术应用和产业发展。
The national standards of the Block Chain and Distributed Accountancy Technical Reference Frame provide guidance for industry to harmonize their understanding of the block chain concept, to build a well-developed block chain system, to select the use of block chain services, and to promote the application of block chain technology and industrial development.
杜宇指出，我国区块链技术应用和产业发展目前处于快速发展的阶段，但由于之前国内和国际上对于区块链领域的标准仍属空白，行业发展碎片化，行业应用存在一定的盲目性。同时，区块链技术具有复杂性和多样性，区块链行业缺乏一套完善的标准和规范体系。标准化工作的不足可能导致应用难以互操作和整合，一定程度上限制了区块链技术的发展。
Du-woo noted that the technological application and industrial development of the block chain are currently at a fast-growing stage, but that there is a certain amount of blindness in the application of the block chain, owing to the fact that national and international standards in the area of the block chain are still lacking, the fragmentation of the industry and its application. At the same time, the complexity and diversity of the block chain technology and the lack of a well-developed system of standards and norms in the block chain industry are lacking.
“目前区块链技术应用和产业发展已经深入到各个行业领域，制定了不少行业标准，但是也存在缺乏统一国家标准、底层平台数目繁多、跨链操作难等问题。”陈鸿刚指出，区块链技术领域国家标准发布后，为各细分行业区块链标准制定和修订提供指引，推动我国区块链产业标准制定和应用，有利于形成标准化产品解决方案，在各行各业复制推广，促进跨链互通，使得区块链产业从小规模试点到大规模应用发展，培育我国具有显著经济效益和社会效益的区块链产业应用。
“The technical application and industrial development of the block chain are now well advanced in all sectors, with a number of industry standards developed, but there are also problems related to the lack of uniform national standards, the large number of bottom platforms and the difficulty of operating across chains.” Chen Honghang noted that, following the issuance of national standards in the technical area of the block chain, guidance was provided for the development and revision of standards for the sector-by-sector block chain, the development and application of standards for the sector-by-sector industry was promoted, leading to standardized product solutions, replication in all sectors, cross-linkage promotion, the development of the sector-chain industry from small-scale pilot to large-scale applications, and the fostering of the country's application of sector-chain industries with significant economic and social benefits.
参与该标准制定的IEEE计算机协会区块链和分布式记账标准化委员会主席李鸣告诉记者，这是区块链技术领域首个国家标准，让大家知道什么是区块链，什么是分布式技术，以及区块链产业有哪些相关方，区块链系统有哪些核心组件和核心功能（共识机制、账本记录、密码服务、智能合约等），有助于建立区块链产业共识。
The Chairman of the IEEE Computer Association Committee for the Standardization of Block Chains and Distributed Accounts, who participated in the development of the standards, told journalists that this was the first national standard in the technical area of the block chain to be known what was a block chain, what was a distributed technology and what were the relevant parties in the block chain industry, what were the core components and functions of the block chain system (consensus mechanisms, book records, password services, smart contracts, etc.) that would help to build consensus in the sector chain industry.
李鸣指出：“区块链产业共识形成还需要更多人了解标准，我们计划在全国主要城市进行标准宣贯，可能也会找一些项目来做示范试点，也会基于标准来对当前产业上的区块链项目进行测评，同时也会持续地举办大赛，通过这些形式让更多人了解、使用这个标准。”
According to Li Ming, “The building of consensus in the block chain industry requires more people to understand the standards, we plan to conduct a standard-setting exercise in the main cities of the country, we may also find projects for piloting, we will also evaluate the block chain projects in the current industry on the basis of the criteria, and we will hold competitions on a continuous basis to make the standards known and used more widely.”
杜宇表示，区块链技术领域国家标准统一了标准和规范、厘清了功能视图及其之间的关系、提供了用户角色和功能组件说明，该标准实施后将促进区块链技术应用和产业发展的标准化、规范化和规模化。该标准化未来将有助于降低技术实施和应用的风险，提高技术的可信度和可靠性，增强用户和企业对区块链技术的信任度。同时，标准化还为行业提供了一个共同的参考框架，推动各方的合作与创新，促进技术的跨界应用和商业化落地。
Dowu stated that national standards in the technical area of block chains harmonized standards and norms, clarified the functional view and its relationship, and provided a description of user roles and functional components, which, when implemented, would promote standardization, standardization and scalability of block chain technology applications and industrial development. The future of standardization would help to reduce the risks of technology implementation and application, increase the credibility and reliability of technology and increase the confidence of users and businesses in block chain technology. At the same time, standardization would provide a common reference framework for industry, promote cooperation and innovation and facilitate cross-border applications and commercialization of technology.
记者 | 余继超
Reporters,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论