场景:Alice的在线投票系统
背景:Alice想要创建一个去中心化的在线投票系统,让参与者可以投票给不同的候选人。这个系统将使用以太坊区块链和智能合约来实现。
1. 智能合约概述: Alice设计了一个智能合约,名为。这个合约将处理投票的提交、计票以及结果的公布。合约中包含了状态变量来存储每位候选人的票数,以及一个投票者的白名单。
1. An overview of the Smart Contract : Alice designed a smart contract xff0c; name. The contract will deal with the submission of votes, the counting of votes and the publication of results. The contract contains a status variable to store the votes of each candidate xff0c; and a white list of voters.
2. 简单的智能合约: 合约中有一个简单的状态变量,用于记录每位候选人的票数。同时,合约提供了两个函数:用于投票,用于查询特定候选人的票数。
2. A simple smart contract : A simple state variable xff0c; for recording the votes of each candidate. xff0c; two functions xff1a; for voting xff0c; for searching the votes of a given candidate.
3. 存储合约示例: Alice部署了到以太坊区块链上。这个合约现在拥有一个以太坊地址,任何人可以通过发送交易到这个地址来与之交互。
3. Examples of storage contracts : Alice is deployed on the Etherm block chain. The contract now has an Etherm address & #xff0c; anyone can interact with it by sending a transaction to this address.
4. 区块链基础: 当Bob想要为Charlie投票时,他创建了一笔交易,调用的函数,并指定Charlie作为候选人。这笔交易被广播到以太坊网络,一旦被矿工打包进区块,Charlie的票数就会在区块链上更新。
4. The block chain base : , when Bob wants to vote for Charlie; he created a transaction & #xff0c; called function & #xff0c; and named Charlie as the candidate. The transaction was broadcast to the Ethernet xff0c; the votes of Charlie will be updated on the block chain once they are packed by the miners & #xff0c; Charlie's votes will be updated.
5. 交易/事务: Bob的投票交易是一个事务,它要么完全执行(即Charlie的票数增加),要么完全不执行(如果因为某些原因交易失败)。这保证了投票的原子性。
5. The transaction/service : Bob's voting transaction is a matter & #xff0c; it either fully implements xff08; xff0c; xff08; xff08; xff09; ff09; ff09; xff09. This ensures the atomic nature of the vote.
6. 区块: Bob的投票交易被包含在一个区块中,这个区块也包含了其他交易。一旦这个区块被添加到区块链上,Bob的投票就成为了不可篡改的历史记录的一部分。
6. Block : Bob's voting transaction is included in a block & #xff0c; this block also contains other transactions. Once the block is added to the block chain & #xff0c; Bob's vote becomes part of an undisguised historical record.
7. 以太坊虚拟机(EVM): 当Bob的交易到达网络时,EVM会执行合约中的函数。EVM确保了合约代码在一个隔离且确定性的环境中执行,不会受到外部环境的影响。
7. ETA virtual machine xff08; EVM) : xff0c; EVM will perform the functions in the contract when Bob's transaction arrives on the network. EVM ensures that the contract code is executed xff0c in an isolated and deterministic environment; it will not be affected by the external environment.
8. 存储,内存和栈: 在执行函数时,EVM会为这次调用创建一个新的内存实例。函数的参数(即Charlie的名字)会被存储在内存中,而函数的返回值(票数更新的结果)会被放入栈中。
8. Storage & #xff0c; RAM
9. 日志: 每当有人投票,合约会发出一个事件,记录投票者的地址和他们投票给的候选人。这个事件会被记录在区块链的日志中,允许任何人查询投票活动。
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