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编辑导读：从1989年伯纳斯提出万维网的概念开始到现在，已经经历了Web1.0、Web2.0、Web3.0，现在关于Web3.0的概念正成为投资者眼中的香馍馍。本文作者对此发表了自己的看法，与你分享。

Editorial guide: Starting with the introduction of the World Wide Web concept by Bernards in 1989, web2.0, Web3.0, the concept of Web3.0 is now becoming an oscillation in the eyes of investors.

“可以说，我们在Google的后院里挖到了金矿。”

“It can be said that we dug up gold in Google's backyard.”

十多年前，在当时以Google、雅虎为代表的Web2.0时代互联网公司正如火如荼的时候，斯皮瓦克就提出设想，“Google有太多的日常事务要处理，这正是我们的优势所在……最终版的Web3.0就像是全世界的大脑，每名互联网用户都是其中的一部分。”

More than a decade ago, at a time when Internet companies in the Web 2.0 era, represented by Google Yahoo, were like fire, Spiwak put forward the idea that “Google has too many day-to-day business to deal with, and that's where we have the advantage... The final version of Web3.0 is like a brain all over the world, and every Internet user is part of it.”

关于究竟什么是Web3.0，目前尚未有人能清晰地定义它，更多地只是作为一个概念性词汇存在，在一些人看来，Web3.0代表的是未来互联网发展的一种新趋势，涉及去中心化，用户对数据和信息拥有实际的掌控权、线上资产搭建。

With regard to what exactly is Web3.0, no one has yet been able to define it clearly, more so as a conceptual vocabulary. In the view of some, Web3.0 represents a new trend in future Internet development, involving de-centralization, actual user ownership of data and information, and online asset-building.

马斯克近期也谈到了对Web3.0的看法，他认为元宇宙、Web3.0这些在目前看来，更像是营销术语，是投机者借机炒作制造的泡沫。从比特币、区块链、NFT、到以太坊，各路公链不断崛起，DApp、DAO、IOT、earn这些新概念也应运而生，投资市场的变动，让人摸不着头脑。为此，这篇文章我们将主要讨论：

also recently commented on Web3.0 as saying metaspace, > > >, more like marketing terms < > < = target = > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >

• 复盘Web1.0到Web3.0，互联网经历了哪些变化？
• 大热的Web3.0，究竟是风口还是泡沫？

1989年，伯纳斯提出了万维网的概念。

In 1989, Bernards introduced the concept of the World Wide Web.

这从根本上改变了，互联网服务只是一个个“信息孤岛”组装的认知。确切地说，Web1.0的静态页面是万维网发展的第一个阶段，媒体形式以新浪、搜狐、雅虎、百度这类门户网站为主，某些特定的群体或企业将信息单向发布至网络，投喂给用户浏览阅读。

This has fundamentally changed, and the Internet service is a perception of an “info-island” assembly. To be sure, the Web 1.0 static page is the first stage in the development of the World Wide Web, in the form of new waves, search foxes, Yahoos, 100-degree portals, and specific groups or businesses distribute messages to the web and feed them to users for browsing and reading.

换句话说，Web1.0只解决了用户获得信息并阅读的需求，在这个过程中，用户只能被动接收网站发布的无差异信息，但不能上传自己的反馈、进行和其他人的线上实时沟通，网站和受众处在极其不平等的状态。

In other words, Web1.0 addresses only the need for users to access information and read, in which users can only passively receive non-differentiated information from the website, but cannot upload their own feedback, communicate online in real time with others, and websites and audiences are extremely unequal.

到了Web2.0，变成了可读也可写、交互性强的互联网。

At Web 2.0, it became a readable, written and interactive Internet.

此时，用户既是网络信息的接收者也是发布者，人们可以通过网络进行双向、多向交流。从网站门户到个人门户，从信息线上化到用户线上化，Web2.0形成了以人为中心的传播和交互方式，也助推了社交网络的兴起。软件也开始跳出pc端，微信、微博、抖音等app相继出现。

At this point, users are both recipients and publishers of information on the web, and people can communicate both ways through the web. From web portals to personal portals, from information lines to user lines, Web 2.0 forms a people-centred mode of communication and interaction, and also contributes to the emergence of social networks. Software also starts to pop out at the pc end, with e-mails, microblogging, shivering, and so on.

但事实上，Web2.0仍是中心化的一个网络形态，互联网平台掌控着用户数据和信息，经营着用户群，存在一定的信息泄露和丢失风险，被动贡献数据为平台方提供广告商变现，单体用户价值往往难以体现，另一个常态化问题是，中心化下虚拟物及实物信息不好溯源，难免有造假的可能性。

In fact, however, Web 2.0 is still a central form of network, with Internet platforms controlling user data and information, operating user groups, some risk of information leaking and loss, passive contribution data providing the platform with advertisers for realization, the value of single-person users often difficult to capture, and the common problem is that centralized virtual and physical information is not easily traceable and subject to the risk of forgery.

那么Web3.0呢？

What about Web3.0?

早在2006年，Web2.0还没捂热，Radar Networks(雷达网)还处于秘密筹建时期，首席执行长诺瓦·斯皮瓦克表示要借助政府技术，使雷达网具备改变互联网用户查找信息的方式,网络不仅能理解词句的概念，还能根据语义去判断逻辑关系，也就是1998年蒂姆·伯纳斯·李所提出的语义网功能，雷达网可以说是Web3.0的先驱。

As early as 2006, web2.0 was still unheated, and Radar Networks (RADARNET) was still in a state of secret preparation, where the Chief Executive Officer, Nova Spievak, expressed the need to use government technology to equip the radar network with ways to change the way that information was found by Internet users, not only to understand the concept of words, but also to judge the logical relationship based on semantic terms, i.e., the semantic network proposed by Tim Bernard Lee in 1998, which could be described as a pioneer of Web3.0.

除了语义网的外包装，Web3.0是结合区块链技术发展出来的一个新的互联网形态，它的核心在于去中心化——“赋予用户真正拥有互联网的能力”，Brian Brooks这么解释到，在web3.0时代，互联网中的数据和信息从发布起就完成了确权，不用去担心被窃取或者数据库丢失数据被删除。

In addition to the extra-packaging of semantic networks, Web3.0 is a new Internet shape developed in conjunction with technology, the core of which is decentralization - “empowerment of users to truly own the Internet”, as Brian Brooks explained that in the web3.0 era, data and information in the Internet have been authenticated from the time of publication, without fear of being stolen or of missing data from the database.

图：中心化及去中心化网络结构示意（来源：东兴证券）

Figure: Description of the centralization and decentralization network structure (source: East Hing securities)

不过，Web3.0的意义并非仅限于此。

However, the meaning of Web3.0 is not limited to that.

无论是Web1.0还是web2.0，用户往往需要在不同的平台注册不同的账号，信息之间是彼此隔离的，举个简单的例子，过去我们无法从一个App直接跳到另一个App，因为不同平台间需要搭建属于自己的庞大用户群，并且做好安全防范。

Whether web1.0 or web 2.0, users often have to register different accounts on different platforms, information is isolated from each other, and one simple example is that in the past we could not jump directly from one App to another, because different platforms need to build large user groups that belong to them and be secure.

Web3.0发生了范式的逆转，通过Web3.0的底层逻辑，用户与平台间是独立的存在，在注册或登录网站时，不需要填写身份信息并同意隐私协议，而是通过去中心化的网络直接去创建账户，拥有维护互联网的代币协议。理想状态下只需要使用自己的数字钱包和密钥就可以登录任何一家网站，同时也通过密钥来管理自身的资产，获取经济激励。

Web3.0 has seen a paradigm shift. Through the bottom logic of Web3.0, users and platforms have an independent presence, do not need to fill in identity information and agree to privacy agreements when registering or accessing websites, but directly create an account through a decentralised network and have a token protocol to maintain the Internet. Ideally, only their own numbers and keys can be used to access any website, as well as to manage their assets and obtain economic incentives through key management.

除了NFT，ENS（基于以太坊的分布式域名服务）也备受关注。

In addition to NFT, ENS (distributed domain name service based on ) also received attention.

今年10月，发生了目前为止最大的一笔域名交易——有人以420个ETH购入域名paradigm.eth。2017年登录以太坊的ENS，简化了长达四十多位的以太坊钱包地址，通过竞标机制，任何用户都可以注册以“.eth”结尾的以太坊域名，从而优化用户使用加密货币的体验。由于ENS构建于ERC721协议，所以每一个域名都相当于一个NFT。

In October of this year, the largest deal of domain names so far occurred — 420 . eth. The ENS, which was registered in Taiku in 2017, simplified the 40-s-long `target = "435512" href ="https://www.btchangqing.cn/56101.html >, by which each user of the ER7 has been able to use an `enualized area', so that it is possible to use any of the ER7, so that each user of the, using the

在Web3.0时代，我们可以得到一个输入端开始的商业模式，众筹以及代币实现了创作者的价值循环。总而言之，区块链技术解释了身份为什么具有独立性，为Web3.0提供底层技术支持；NFT在这个基础上为数字货币提供了不可分割、不可复制的交易价值，实现了创造者经济，后者充当了为维护用户对于自己的数字身份和数据的所有权去构建的一系列去中心化组件，成了通往元宇宙的方舟。

In the Web3.0 era, we have access to a business model that began at the end of the input, popular fundraising and tokens to achieve the creator's circle of value. In sum, block chain technology explains why identity is independent and provides bottom-level technical support for Web3.0; NFT based on this, provides indivisible, non-copyable transaction value and achieves the creator's economy, which acts as a series of decentralized components built to preserve users' ownership of their digital identities and data, which has become the DEFI）、支持“内容挖矿”的区块链社交项目，Monaco被称为加密版的推特。启动之初，饥饿营销带来的邀请码炒作热潮让Monaco市场热度高涨。

Focusing on practical applications, with Monaco as an example, Monaco's block social projects that support “content mining”, which Monaco is known as the encrypted version of Twitter. At the start of the campaign, the invitation code created by hunger marketing has increased Monaco's market heat.

功能维度上来看，用户在这个类似于微博的平台上发布有价值的优质内容，并可以展示名下NFT；此外参与“Write to Earn”进行挖矿，每周会获得相应的奖励，奖励会根据用户粉丝数量、评论数、转发与活跃度成正比。Monaco想以SocialFi（社交金融）为突破口，将数据所有权返还给用户，并给予用户创作收益，推动互联网从Web2.0过渡到Web3.0。

In terms of functional dimensions, users publish valuable quality content on this microblogging-like platform and can display NFT under their name; in addition, they participate in “Write to Earth” mining, which is rewarded on a weekly basis, depending on the number of users, the number of comments, the number of relays and the level of activity. Monaco wants to use the SocialFi (social finance) as a breakthrough to return ownership of data to users and to give users the benefits of creating a transition from Web 2.0 to Web3.0.

需要说明的是，Monaco的模式也并非首创，早在2017年，部署于Steem链上的社交媒体平台DApp Steenit就已经出现，用户在发布受欢迎的帖子同时可获得Token收益，这使它也一度成为最大的链上加密社区。

It should be noted that the Monaco model, which was not the first of its kind, appeared as early as 2017 on the social media platform Dapp Steenit deployed on the Steem chain, and that users were able to obtain the Token benefits while issuing the popular post, making it, at one time, the largest community of encryption on the chain.

就目前来看，Web3.0的设想的确很乌托邦，但实际落地仍有待商榷。

For the time being, the Web3.0 scenario is certainly utopian, but the actual landing remains to be debated.

进入Web3.0前，首先要注册一个加密钱包，比如找到以太坊浏览器钱包插件MetaMask,添加后设置交易密码，确认账户助记词后完成创建，但是助记词和密钥的保存方式不太方便（最好记在实物上，比如备忘本）；以太坊转账过程也比较麻烦，不仅要输入非常复杂的账户地址，转账时间也耗费较长，即使后续可以申请ENS，但与目前使用的支付软件相比，Web3.0的体验感算不上优秀。

Before entering Web3.0, it is first necessary to register an encrypted wallet, e.g., to find MetaMask, which is part of the Panel's wallet, to add a transaction password, to confirm that the account assistor is created, but it is not easy to save the notes and keys (preferably in physical terms, e.g., a memo); and to make the process of transfer in Taipan is more cumbersome, not only by entering a very complex account address, but also by taking longer time to transfer, even if it is possible to apply for ENS, but the experience of Web3.0 is not as good as the payment software currently in use.

由于后续通证大幅下跌，新用户的参与度随之下降，Steeni和socialfi赛道的后辈Primas、clubhouse等一样，都已销声匿迹。11月末，Monaco官方发文称“仅限英文挖矿”，这条明显区别对待的推文不仅引发了中文社区的不满，也与它强调的“去中心化”的理念相违背，虽然对于用户来说，一方面实现了创作自由，但另一方面，也难免会发生恶意信息的传播。

As a result of the sharp drop in the follow-up pass, the participation of new users has declined, and Primas and Clubhouse, the successors of the Steeni and Socialfi track, have disappeared. At the end of November, Monaco's official submission called “mining in English only”, a noticeably differentiated tweet not only provoked the Chinese community's dissatisfaction, but also contradicted its emphasis on “decentralization”, which, on the one hand, has achieved freedom of creation but, on the other hand, has inevitably led to the dissemination of malicious information.

技术方面来看，区块链和加密应用过高的使用门槛，让普通用户望而却步，即使如最大去中心化应用 Metamask 月活也仅有几百万，另一方面，无论是个人数据还是社交关系，都导致用户无法离开原来的Web2.0平台。

Technically, the use threshold of block chains and encryption applications is too high for ordinary users, and even the maximum decentralised application, Metamask, has only a few million monthly lives, while, on the other hand, personal data and social relationships prevent users from leaving the original Web 2.0 platform.

再比如运行在公链上的DeFi(去中心化金融)，这些产品拥有不可篡改的智能合约。在DeFi领域的流动性挖矿是按照要求存入或借出指定的代币资产，为产品的资金池提供流动性而获取收益（原生代币或者治理权力）的过程，流动性挖矿就是鼓励用户在自己的交易池中存入代币以提高流动性，从而获得用户和流量，进一步发放原生代币使项目的社区范围扩大。

For example, DeFi (decentralized finance), which operates on the public chain, has intellectual contracts . Liquid mining in the area of DeFi is the process of providing liquidity to the product pool (original currency or governance authority) by requiring the deposit or loan of designated currency assets. Liquid mining is the process of encouraging users to deposit in their trading pools to increase liquidity, thereby obtaining users and flow, and further issuing the original currency to expand the project’s community.

图：区块链技术的“不可能三角”（来源：CSDN博客）

Figure: “No Triangular possibility” of block chain technology (source: CSDN blog)

因为流动性挖矿的高收益，它也曾一度被资本力挺。

It had once been capitalized because of the high returns of liquid mining.

但在区块链公链中，很难同时做到既有很好的“去中心化”，又有良好的系统“安全性”，同时还能有很高的“交易处理性能”，即所谓的“区块链不可能三角”。项目合约代码的漏洞总会吸引黑客攻击甚至造成资产被盗，频频发生的项目方卷资跑路也给DeFi蒙上了一层欺诈风险的阴影，除此之外，行情大幅波动时，交易合约清算过程中网络拥堵、无常损失风险、系统设计和清算风险等都有可能使投资人失去抵押资产。

In the public chain of blocks, however, it is difficult to achieve both good “decentralization” and good system “security” at the same time, as well as a high level of “trading” performance, the so-called “block chain impossible to triangulate.” Gaps in the project contract code always attract hackers to attack or even steal assets, and frequent project roll runs cast a shadow over DeFi's risk of fraud.

很多人对Web3.0的期待,来源于它的去中心化所带来的更多可能性上。

Many people's expectations of Web3.0 stem from the increased possibilities offered by its decentralisation.

Brian Brooks曾在听证讨论上提到，“我们在网络上的数字资产，所有程序都是建立在这层新的网络之上。以太币是以太坊网络拥有权的证明，以太坊网络之上由无数运行着的程序，就像收集里的程序需要底层网络运行一样，人们会去猜测哪个底层网络最终会胜出，就会购买这些网络协议的代币去进行投资，这里触发投票机制，在权益证明机制下你可以去投票影响协议未来的发展，在工作证明机制下，维护网络用户可以得到代币奖励，去中心化网络的任何决策都是投资者做出的。”

Brian Brooks mentioned in the hearing discussion that, “We have digital assets on the network, all programs are built on this new level of network. Under the proof of the ownership of the network, there are numerous programs operating on the network, just as the process in the collection requires the bottom network to run, one wonders which bottom network will eventually win, and then buys the tokens of the network agreement to invest, which triggers the voting mechanism, under the certificate of interests mechanism you can vote to influence the future of the protocol, and under the work certificate mechanism, the maintenance of the network user will be rewarded with a token, and any decision to centralize the network will be made by investors.”

2018年，加文·伍德发表了一篇《我们为什么需要Web3.0》，文中提到“Web3.0 将催生一个全新的全球数字经济，创造新的商业模式和市场，打破像Google和Facebook这样的平台垄断，并产生大量自下而上的创新。”

In 2018, Gavin Wood published “Why do we need Web3.0”, which states that “Web3.0 will create a new global digital economy, create new business models and markets, break the monopoly of platforms such as Google and Facebook, and generate a great deal of bottom-up innovation”.

为了解决Web2.0用户能够无需离开熟悉的环境、也不用处理复杂的钱包密码，就能使用Web3.0, 定位于新互联网的守门人Mask Network陆续发布了一系列DApplet，例如ITO （Initial Twitter Offering）模式，这一举措让Mask Network爆火，意味着互联网用户确实对 Web3.0的确有迫切的使用需求。

In order to solve the problem of Web 2.0 users being able to use Web3.0 without having to leave their familiar environment or to process complex wallet passwords, Mask Network, a gatekeeper based on the new Internet, has issued a series of Dapplet models, such as the International Twitter Networking model, which has set Mask Network on fire, meaning that Internet users do have an urgent need for Web3.0.

回溯过去我们不难发现，从2017年开始，ICO、DEFI、NFT的接连投资热都与与以太坊有着密切的关系，今年的Web3.0、Gamefi也不例外。

It is not difficult to go back to the past that since 2017, ICO, DEFI, NFT have been closely associated with Etheria, and this year's Web3.0 and Gamefi have been no exception.

马斯克怒怼Web3.0后，红杉发文坚定看好Web3.0，总部位于洛杉矶的风投机构Chapter One创始人兼管理合伙人Jeff Morris Jr.表示，目前Chapter One已完成一只4000万美元早期基金的募资，该基金专注于Web3.0投资。虽然马斯克否定Web3.0,但也没有否定它的市场潜力，从资本的角度来看，Web3.0的利好浪潮似乎正在逼近。

In the wake of Musk’s anger at Web3.0, Redwood wrote strongly about Web3.0, and Jeff Morris Jr., the founder and managing partner of the Los Angeles-based wind pitching agency Chapter One, said that Chapter One had now completed a $40 million fund-raising fund that focused on Web3.0 investments. Although Mask denied Web3.0, it did not deny its market potential, and that, from a capital point of view, the momentum of Web3.0 seemed to be approaching.

顶级风投A16z的合伙人Chris Dixon认为Web3.0将走向不同的道路，由于价值和控制权不是由位于中心的公司掌握，而是分配给实际构建网络的人，所以Web3.0需要的是自我营销的能力，社交媒体的出现为Web2.0过渡到Web3.0提供动力，当社区中的人们真正拥有某些Token获得经济效益的时候，就会在社区内主动传播:一方面用户流失率会降低;另一方面在好的情况下，网络的架构也会更加结实。

Chris Dixon, partner of the top pitch A16z, believes that Web3.0 will go on a different path, and since value and control are not in the hands of companies located in the centre, but in the hands of those who actually build the network, Web3.0 requires self-marketing capabilities, the emergence of social media gives impetus to the transition from Web2.0 to Web3.0, and when people in the community have real economic benefits for some Token, it will spread proactively within the community: on the one hand, user loss rates will be reduced; and, on the other hand, the network will be more robust in good circumstances.

但这里所谓“好的情况”，也是目前Web3.0的一个痛点：目前的技术尚未能完美实现Web3.0的要求，参与的用户数量有限、人类世界所有生产生活的分工程度也没细化到一定程度、AI并没有实现绝对的主体地位，手机端的局限性也难以承载区块链信息和用户高并发需求，交易过程的低效率和安全性达不到商业化应用的需求。

But the so-called “good situation” here is also one of the pains of the current Web3.0: the current technology is not yet perfecting the requirements of Web3.0, the limited number of users involved, the degree of division of labour among all productive life in the human world has not been refined, AI has not achieved absolute dominance, the limitations of cellular ends are difficult to carry block-chain information and user demand, and the inefficient and safe nature of the transaction process does not match the demand for commercial applications.

某种程度上来说，我们的确不能够去预测一个新平台成功的第一个用例，也大可不必因为资本的带动产生FOMO情绪,无论是Web1.0还是Web3.0,都只是互联网技术不断深入和细化的一种趋势，仅此而已。

To some extent, it is true that we are unable to predict the first example of a new platform's success, and that there is no need to generate FOMO sentiment as a result of capital drive, whether it be Web1.0 or Web3.0, which is only a trend towards the deepening and fine-tuning of Internet technology.

作者：叶静，编辑：桑明强

Author: Ye Jing, editor: San Mingqiang

本文由 @新眸 原创发布于人人都是产品经理。未经许可，禁止转载

This post is published by @Newview, where everyone is a product manager.

题图来自Unsplash，基于CC0协议

From Unsplash, based on the CC0 agreement.

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