文：Yaya Fanusie
对发生在区块链上的非法行动进行自我监督，可能很快就会成为数字货币社区的必要条件。 Self-monitoring of illegal actions occurring on the 未来每一天，数字货币爱好者很可能都得花时间去识别违法交易去避免这些事情发生。美国的财政部门已经做了决定且不可更改。 Every day of the future, digital money fans are likely to spend time identifying illegal transactions to avoid these. The US Treasury has made decisions that cannot be changed. 几周以前，美国财政部门悄悄发布其在外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）的网站上对于FAQs部分补充部分，该机构负责监管美国经济制裁。OFAC中的语言，计划把‘数字货币’地址包括在其特殊指定国民和封锁人员（SDN）名单上。 A few weeks ago, the U.S. Treasury quietly posted on its foreign assets control office (OFAC) website a supplement to the FAQs section, which oversees US economic sanctions. The OFAC language is intended to include the ‘digital currency’ address on its list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons (SDNs). 这将成为一件重大的事情。 This will be a big deal. 银行和各个类型的企业都应该检查SDN名单，以确保他们没有提供金融服务给个人、组织和因为涉及恐怖分子，核扩散，盗窃，人权侵犯以及其他罪行而美国指定为‘封锁’的政府。 Banks and all types of businesses should check the SDN list to ensure that they do not provide financial services to individuals, organizations and Governments designated by the United States as `embargo' for terrorism, nuclear proliferation, theft, human rights violations and other crimes. 银行可以合法冻结属于OFAC名单上的他们所持有的财产，以及停止他们的交易。如果不这样实行的话，经济处罚可能更严重。尽管大多日常数字货币的投资者对于受到法律限制制裁的世界只了解一点点，但是任何形式的金融商业的经营者们都知道的，如果你不服从法律管理，你瞬间就可能会失去商业和财产。 Banks can legally freeze the assets they hold on the OFAC list, and stop their transactions. If they do not do so, economic sanctions may become more severe. 以前从来没有过一个特定的数字货币地址或者财产会被列入OFAC的行列，尽管法律专家这么多年来一直都明白，发送比特币或者其他的数字货币给任何SDN名单上的任何人对美国人来说都会非法行为。 Never before has a particular digital currency address or property been placed in the ranks of OFAC, although legal experts have understood for many years that sending bitcoin or other digital currency to anyone on any SDN list would be illegal for Americans. 不过，在金融世界中的封闭资金，和可存在于数字货币领域的是有很大区别的。对等数字货币交易不能被第三方封锁和监管。 However, there is a great deal of difference between closed funds in the financial world and those that can be found in digital money. Equivalent digital currency transactions cannot be blocked and regulated by third parties. 所以一个OFAC指定的数字货币资金更可能会带来它的外部地址的审查，而并非是指定资金本身。 It is therefore more likely that an OFAC-designated digital monetary fund will lead to a review of its external address rather than the earmarked funds themselves. 一些数字货币产业的专家认为，数字货币资金的指定会迎来一个新的时代；这取决于他们与SDN地址的关联程度，一个令牌被归类为干净的，被污染的或者是未知的时代。 Some experts in the digital money industry believe that the designation of digital money funds will usher in a new era, depending on the extent to which they are connected to the SDN address, when a token is classified as clean, contaminated or unknown. 这可能引起同一个区块链上，硬币的价格水平不同高低，干净的令牌会比那些被污染过的或者说不明来源的令牌价格要高，以及终结自从数字货币存在以来就有的可替代性。 This may result in different levels of coin prices on the same , clean medals being higher than those of contaminated or unknown origin, and ending the alternative that exists since digital money exists. 第一是可以期待区块链取证工具价值将越来越高，以及越来广泛的开展，因为数字货币交易旨在减少用户交易污染货币的风险。 The first is that 区块链上的非法交易。 However, the most important part of a new era is for financial institutions to review the digital currency transactional address, which will be what the digital money community itself has to do: routinely stop illegal transactions on the . 这是数字货币社区不想听到的事情。 This is something the digital money community does not want to hear. 数字货币专家经常指出‘审查制度的阻力’作为技术的最具有价值的特征，它可以让任何人在没有任何政府权利限制的情况下去存储并发送资金。从理论上来讲，这对于自由和民主都是非常强有力的推动。 Digital money experts often point out that, as the most valuable feature of technology, ‘resistance to censorship’ allows anyone to store and send money without any government restrictions. In theory, this is a powerful push for freedom and democracy. 在实践当中，这种技术能力在大多数与金融犯罪相关的管辖范围内的法律中都是不可能延展的。虽然逃避腐败政府的行为是一个很值得的目标，数字货币社区应该意识到，保持被动在道德上不被接受的，然而犯罪分子和恐怖分子利用社区自由的证据越来越多。 In practice, this technical capacity cannot be extended in most jurisdictions related to financial crime. While evading corrupt governments is a worthwhile goal, the digital monetary community should be aware that it is morally unacceptable to remain passive, but evidence of criminal and terrorist exploitation of community freedom is increasing. 近年来，反洗钱（AML）合规专家专注于区块链行业的行为，鼓励数字货币企业去超越传统金融机构所需要的‘了解你的客户’（KYC）尽职调查，以及通过改变区块链上的数据来进行‘了解你的交易’（KYT）分析。 In recent years, AML compliance experts have focused on the conduct of the industry, encouraging digital money firms to go beyond the `know your customer' (KYC) due diligence required by traditional financial institutions, and conducting `know your deal' (KYT) analysis by changing the data on 区块链取证工作，与其他执法机构和大型银行的企业客户一起，进行数字货币交易。这些公司的分析工具用来对抗犯罪是十分有效的，但是很多区块链社区的声音对这种工具进行批评--------说它会匿名化区块链上的金融交易----去破坏隐私。然而，来自区块链取证上大部分的信息都不是公开与大众的。通常，需要一个公司或者政府客户来访问这种数据。 There are many start-up businesses that specialize in this block chain taking evidence, working with other law enforcement agencies and corporate customers in large banks to undermine privacy. However, much of the information on the evidence from the is not open to the public. 但是，OFAC列出数字货币地址就会增加KYT分析的风险。 However, the listing of digital currency addresses by OFAC increases the risk of KYT analysis. 这将对每一个涉及数字货币交易的人来说都十分重要，这可以让他们验证他们所触及的地址的‘合法性’。 This will be important for everyone involved in digital currency transactions, allowing them to verify the `legitimacy' of the addresses they touch. 虽然很可能指定地址的数量将会从最小开始（OFAC不会轻易指定地址），甚至是违反制裁的机会很小的会带来顺从风险降低，影响到百姓群体的令牌买家。 While it is likely that the number of designated addresses will start at a minimum (OFAC does not easily designate addresses), even the low chance of sanctions violations will reduce the risk of submissiveness, affecting the general population as buyers of medals. 一个与被禁止的地址或者该地址已经被一个禁止的地址进行交易的不经意的交易，将会在公共区块链账本上可见，可能也会玷污到这个人的数字货币资金。 An unwitting transaction that deals with a prohibited address or an address that has already been banned will be visible in the public , which may also tarnish the person's digital monetary funds. 能够帮助数字货币的日常用户走出受到SDN影响的区块链平台的唯一办法就是拥有实时AML/KYT去洞察各种资金地址的资金流动。可以当前的处境来看，区块链分析只是在筒仓当中，只是提供给金融公司和法律部门使用，所以这个办法是根本不可能去实现的。 The only way to help day-to-day users of digital money get out of the platform that is influenced by SDN is to have real-time AML/KYT access to the flow of money addresses. As you can see, analysis is only in silos and only available to financial companies and the legal sector, so this approach is simply not possible. 集中式的AML 我们需要一个开放资源的平台，在这个平台，非法活动被标记，诋毁信息被审查。我们把它叫做区块链上的集中式AML。 We need a platform of open resources, where illegal activities are marked and defamatory information is censored. We call it a centralized AML on the "https://www.bianews.com" block chain . 我理解这个需求。作为一个非营利国家安全智囊团中的研究人员，我调查了数字货币和非法融资的事件，例如中东的比特币恐怖分子资金活动。我们的团队使用了免费公开的区块链探索网站，来分析这些活动的捐赠。 I understand this need. As a researcher in a non-profit national security think tank, I investigated digital money and illegal financing events, such as Bitcoin terrorist financing in the Middle East. Our team used the free and public to analyse the donations of these activities. 这些工具不像政府跟银行这种机制，可以使用昂贵的专门机器学习和算法工具那么的厉害。即使我通过严密的手动追踪和区块链活动的分析，我所看到的标志地址与恐怖分子资金交易，并没有一个有效的方法去分享我在平台上的发现，所以日常的数字货币使用者们可以看见我的‘标志’，尽可能的去评估他们的准确性并保持他们的地址不受到污染。 These tools, unlike government-bank mechanisms, can be as powerful as expensive specialized machine learning and algorithmic tools. Even through close manual tracking and analysis of 区块链上的恶略活动，就类似于‘白帽子’黑客是如何标志病毒和其他网络威胁的一样。财政部门的计划使现在对于数字货币社区最重要的来说，就是建立自我监督的倡导。 Two years ago, I suggested that digital money experts should set up their own watchtower groups to look for the pernicious activity on the , similar to how the ‘white hat’ hackers mark the virus and other cyber threats. The fiscal sector’s plan now makes self-supervised advocacy the most important thing for the digital money community. 除了集合OFAC的黑名单以外，一个公开的众包区块链AML工具可以解决直接影响到数字货币用户们的非法金融威胁：数字货币抢劫。这会让勒索或者交易黑客的受害者们去自愿列出他们敲诈或者被偷的令牌。 In addition to the blacklist that brings together OFAC, an open public package AML tool can address the illegal financial threats that directly affect digital money users: digital currency robbery. This will allow victims of extortion or hackers to voluntarily list the signs they extort or have been stolen. 虽然这并不会将资金转回到他们合法持有者的手中，但它会让转移或者偷盗硬币的这种行为更为困难，并会长期影响数字货币偷盗行为。 While this does not divert funds back into the hands of their legitimate holders, it makes the transfer or theft of coins more difficult and can have a long-term impact on digital currency theft. 当然，对于一个可以自我监督的AML平台来说，必须要有一个方法来审查列表，这样的话，不精准的和一些非法的信息就不会被发不出去。否则，这样的工具会被滥用于错误篡改地址，然后在经济上迫害无辜的人们。但是在区块链平台上实行AML是一个更具有技术性的解决问题的方法，而不是找理由拒绝去寻求一个更好的方法。 Of course, for an AML platform that can be self-supervised, there must be a way to review the list so that inaccurate and some illegal information is not released. Otherwise, such tools can be misused to tamper with addresses and then economically persecute innocent people. But Ahref="https://www.bianews.com" to implement AML 第一个区块链的协议，比特币的突破，是在设计分散性方法来激励陌生人们去完成和肯定全球公共金融记录的真实性。 The first agreement , the breakthrough of Bitcoin, was to design a decentralized approach to motivate strangers to complete and confirm the authenticity of global public financial records. 当然，数字货币令牌在所有的注意力，时间，以及金钱的投资到一个新的产品和服务的基础上，那些开发这个技术的人，应该能够设计出方法来鼓励保持区块链的干净，不受玷污。 Of course, the digital currency token is based on all attention, time, and the investment of money in a new product and service, and those who develop the technology should be able to devise ways to encourage the clean and unblemished maintenance of the . （Bianews编译 来源：Coindesk）
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